{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229452571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788","title":"The earliest metal in western Tibet: Evidence from the Gepa Serul cemetery","display_name":"The earliest metal in western Tibet: Evidence from the Gepa Serul cemetery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229452571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/arcm.12788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35512523","display_name":"Archaeometry","issn_l":"0003-813X","issn":["0003-813X","1475-4754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kun Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072517235","display_name":"Yingzi Zhangsun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165225704","display_name":"Xizang Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042170a43","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingzi Zhangsun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nationalities, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nationalities, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165225704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079782722","display_name":"Yiheng Xian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiheng Xian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001773684","display_name":"Chun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-0841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-0841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education Northewest University  Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064979382","display_name":"Shargan Wangdue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3959"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangdue Shargan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation Institute, Lhasa, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation Institute, Lhasa, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001773684","https://openalex.org/A5079782722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.629,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68540203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"6","first_page":"1451","last_page":"1464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-metallurgy","display_name":"ancient metallurgy","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copperware","display_name":"copperware","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-isotope-analysis","display_name":"lead isotope analysis","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ore-provenance","display_name":"ore provenance","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ngari","display_name":"Ngari","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147438087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334","display_name":"Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.6018198132514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5763950347900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204852536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11756","display_name":"Prehistory","level":2,"score":0.5096676349639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.5086918473243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5001578330993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994048982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768467","display_name":"Fluorescence spectrometry","level":3,"score":0.4904482066631317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502230775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871","display_name":"Arsenic","level":2,"score":0.4363161623477936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164304813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276","display_name":"Isotope","level":2,"score":0.4353013038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51813073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518459","display_name":"Isotope analysis","level":2,"score":0.4295896887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.39060544967651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.37944597005844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2747027277946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25602447986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06875741481781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/arcm.12788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35512523","display_name":"Archaeometry","issn_l":"0003-813X","issn":["0003-813X","1475-4754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archaeometry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009741479","https://openalex.org/W2015427138","https://openalex.org/W2025159328","https://openalex.org/W2143460515","https://openalex.org/W2355251945","https://openalex.org/W2358693733","https://openalex.org/W2744903709","https://openalex.org/W2928185766","https://openalex.org/W2933742583","https://openalex.org/W3014392762","https://openalex.org/W3033991764","https://openalex.org/W3094484417","https://openalex.org/W4246489649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308374485","https://openalex.org/W2555726129","https://openalex.org/W58365770","https://openalex.org/W2120124154","https://openalex.org/W3201757088","https://openalex.org/W3033991764","https://openalex.org/W3014392762","https://openalex.org/W7204959541","https://openalex.org/W3000788584","https://openalex.org/W246393398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,92,156],"earliest":[2],"copperwares":[3,162],"excavated":[4],"in":[5,12,17,44,118,178],"western":[6],"Tibet":[7,154],"to":[8,28,74,152,171,192],"date":[9],"were":[10,122],"found":[11],"the":[13,39,79,106,136,153,161,174,182,187],"Gepa":[14,87,164],"Serul":[15,88,165],"cemetery":[16,177],"Zanda":[18],"county,":[19],"Ngari":[20],"prefecture,":[21],"Tibet,":[22],"China,":[23],"which":[24,109,148],"can":[25],"be":[26,150,193],"dated":[27],"c.3600\u20133000":[29],"bp.":[30],"This":[31,47],"significant":[32],"archaeological":[33,116],"discovery":[34],"provides":[35],"valuable":[36],"materials":[37],"for":[38],"study":[40],"of":[41,86,108,147,160],"early":[42],"metallurgy":[43],"prehistoric":[45],"Tibet.":[46,119],"research":[48],"applies":[49],"scientific":[50],"methods":[51],"involving":[52],"scanning":[53],"electron":[54],"microscopy":[55,64],"with":[56],"energy\u2010dispersive":[57],"spectroscopy":[58],"(SEM\u2010EDS),":[59],"X\u2010ray":[60],"fluorescence":[61],"(XRF),":[62],"optical":[63],"(OM)":[65],"and":[66,82,103],"multicollector":[67],"inductively":[68],"coupled":[69],"plasma":[70],"mass":[71],"spectrometry":[72],"(MC\u2010ICP\u2010MS)":[73],"carry":[75],"out":[76],"analyses":[77],"on":[78],"components,":[80],"microstructures":[81],"Pb":[83,157],"isotope":[84,131,158],"ratios":[85],"Phase":[89,166],"I":[90,167],"copperwares.":[91],"results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95,135,181],"their":[96],"alloy":[97],"types":[98],"contain":[99],"both":[100],"pure":[101],"copper":[102,137],"arsenic":[104],"copper,":[105],"latter":[107],"has":[110],"not":[111],"previously":[112],"been":[113],"recovered":[114],"from":[115,143,163,173],"contexts":[117],"These":[120],"artefacts":[121],"produced":[123],"primarily":[124],"by":[125,128,186],"forging,":[126],"supplemented":[127],"casting.":[129],"Lead":[130],"analysis":[132],"(LIA)":[133],"reveals":[134],"ores":[138],"used":[139,185],"most":[140],"likely":[141,191],"came":[142],"multiple":[144],"sources,":[145],"some":[146],"may":[149],"local":[151],"area.":[155],"values":[159],"are":[168,190],"very":[169],"similar":[170],"those":[172],"Sam":[175],"Dzong":[176],"Nepal,":[179],"implying":[180],"metal":[183],"resources":[184],"two":[188],"sites":[189],"correlated.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}
