{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226367207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","title":"Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infections, anti-viral immunity and vaccine responses","display_name":"Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infections, anti-viral immunity and vaccine responses","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226367207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/1995-7645.340567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203437272","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","issn_l":"2352-4146","issn":["2352-4146","1995-7645"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009172802","display_name":"Abhishek Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-5655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-5655","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-6219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092995","display_name":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7cvg05","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113515","display_name":"HCG Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01fx4eg39","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113515"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi; HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India","HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India","Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi; HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073582735","display_name":"Aanchal Sawhney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-6338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-6338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092995","display_name":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7cvg05","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aanchal Sawhney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048593832","display_name":"Shefali Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shefali Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036054833","display_name":"Vishal U.S. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-5114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-5114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113515","display_name":"HCG Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01fx4eg39","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113515"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HCG Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012509323","display_name":"Periyasamy Govindaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-5592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-5592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78270026","display_name":"Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics","ror":"https://ror.org/04psbxy09","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I78270026"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Periyasamy Govindaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78270026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032625198","display_name":"Sambit Kumar Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-2424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-2424"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sambit Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068392016","display_name":"Vandana S. Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092995","display_name":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00e7cvg05","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vandana Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009172802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092995","https://openalex.org/I4210113515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47536294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"97","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-immunity","display_name":"antiviral immunity","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-response","display_name":"vaccine response","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-immune-response","display_name":"sex differences in immune response","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-rate","display_name":"infection rate","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-hormones","display_name":"sex hormones","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.680696427822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6322054266929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6042420268058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5980043411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5860403180122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.5843198299407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5263833999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5048747658729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.48464328050613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.46116751432418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.426442414522171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34091687202453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.2764119505882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.27615779638290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1683194637298584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/1995-7645.340567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203437272","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","issn_l":"2352-4146","issn":["2352-4146","1995-7645"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/1995-7645.340567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.340567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203437272","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","issn_l":"2352-4146","issn":["2352-4146","1995-7645"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1790919501","https://openalex.org/W1973073877","https://openalex.org/W1975490802","https://openalex.org/W1977522975","https://openalex.org/W1982537801","https://openalex.org/W2005853038","https://openalex.org/W2012507063","https://openalex.org/W2014214431","https://openalex.org/W2025673880","https://openalex.org/W2038918691","https://openalex.org/W2041568486","https://openalex.org/W2063594376","https://openalex.org/W2066298795","https://openalex.org/W2080629518","https://openalex.org/W2082402714","https://openalex.org/W2083985618","https://openalex.org/W2108489966","https://openalex.org/W2117479996","https://openalex.org/W2136749706","https://openalex.org/W2152777192","https://openalex.org/W2155312231","https://openalex.org/W2160294830","https://openalex.org/W2175348882","https://openalex.org/W2323055866","https://openalex.org/W2606559217","https://openalex.org/W2801310804","https://openalex.org/W2829197377","https://openalex.org/W2884825769","https://openalex.org/W3002410708","https://openalex.org/W3007407747","https://openalex.org/W3009912996","https://openalex.org/W3010200166","https://openalex.org/W3010614495","https://openalex.org/W3014067025","https://openalex.org/W3014541918","https://openalex.org/W3020512604","https://openalex.org/W3022285953","https://openalex.org/W3024542773","https://openalex.org/W3029315012","https://openalex.org/W3032774217","https://openalex.org/W3033090821","https://openalex.org/W3035353028","https://openalex.org/W3046840767","https://openalex.org/W3047135833","https://openalex.org/W3051925309","https://openalex.org/W3080487846","https://openalex.org/W3087654809","https://openalex.org/W3095384447","https://openalex.org/W3119212629","https://openalex.org/W3215792922","https://openalex.org/W4211051044","https://openalex.org/W6773143455","https://openalex.org/W6775942551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198331993","https://openalex.org/W3049296811","https://openalex.org/W4224797816","https://openalex.org/W7001544411","https://openalex.org/W3169794219","https://openalex.org/W3125503886","https://openalex.org/W3082920121","https://openalex.org/W4214821483","https://openalex.org/W3092497104","https://openalex.org/W3035353028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"COVID-19":[1,41],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3],"revealed":[4],"sex-based":[5],"differences":[6,67],"in":[7,27,30,57,60,68,85],"anti-viral":[8,71],"responses,":[9,75],"with":[10],"a":[11,20],"higher":[12,21],"rate":[13,22],"of":[14,23,51,80],"SARS-CoV-2":[15,69],"infections":[16],"as":[17,19],"well":[18],"morbidity":[24],"and":[25,33,55,73,88],"mortality":[26],"men":[28],"than":[29,59],"women.":[31],"Males":[32],"females":[34],"also":[35],"show":[36],"disparate":[37],"immune":[38],"responses":[39],"to":[40,48],"infection,":[42,52],"which":[43],"may":[44],"be":[45],"important":[46],"contributors":[47],"lower":[49],"rates":[50],"disease":[53,89],"severity":[54],"deaths":[56],"women":[58],"men.":[61],"Here,":[62],"the":[63,78,82],"authors":[64],"review":[65],"sex":[66],"infections,":[70],"immunity":[72],"vaccine":[74,86],"putting":[76],"forth":[77],"importance":[79],"sex,":[81],"underappreciated":[83],"variables":[84],"response":[87],"infectivity.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}
