{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226318288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","title":"Towards Causal Algorithmic Recourse","display_name":"Towards Causal Algorithmic Recourse","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226318288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226427511","display_name":"xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI"},"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905144","display_name":"Amir-Hossein Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-7987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-7987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135521","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04fq9j139","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir-Hossein Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086287200","display_name":"Julius von K\u00fcgelgen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-4118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-4118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135521","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04fq9j139","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius von K\u00fcgelgen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044005697","display_name":"Bernhard Sch\u00f6lkopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-0925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-0925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135521","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04fq9j139","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Sch\u00f6lkopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037473201","display_name":"Isabel Valera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-4376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-4376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135521","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04fq9j139","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Valera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101905144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"fwci":1.3882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84634483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"139","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.04989999905228615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-recourse","display_name":"algorithmic recourse","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-decision-making","display_name":"automated decision-making","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-causal-models","display_name":"structural causal models","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-intervention","display_name":"causal intervention","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-explanations","display_name":"counterfactual explanations","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-fairness","display_name":"algorithmic fairness","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-credit-dataset","display_name":"German credit dataset","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8076258897781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285701036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6349256038665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5777012705802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4538085460662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44838404655456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4354907274246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36490684747695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3490699529647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14715901017189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12723025679588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226318288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226318288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498383682","https://openalex.org/W1542746106","https://openalex.org/W1979793013","https://openalex.org/W2095690451","https://openalex.org/W2136292451","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2152456876","https://openalex.org/W2439568532","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2617781997","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2729084506","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2786449553","https://openalex.org/W2789160704","https://openalex.org/W2803532212","https://openalex.org/W2804393646","https://openalex.org/W2891340972","https://openalex.org/W2904422658","https://openalex.org/W2909392392","https://openalex.org/W2910705748","https://openalex.org/W2914029945","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2938340780","https://openalex.org/W2945151003","https://openalex.org/W2945295328","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2962966435","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2973319951","https://openalex.org/W2991542819","https://openalex.org/W2994056986","https://openalex.org/W2994363832","https://openalex.org/W2995528912","https://openalex.org/W3003166972","https://openalex.org/W3093469769","https://openalex.org/W3103795814","https://openalex.org/W3124474911","https://openalex.org/W3129194741","https://openalex.org/W3135487809","https://openalex.org/W3211108032","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4226332741","https://openalex.org/W4237356514","https://openalex.org/W4293052541","https://openalex.org/W4396738453","https://openalex.org/W6600036705","https://openalex.org/W6603542996","https://openalex.org/W6605755289","https://openalex.org/W6753134527","https://openalex.org/W6810922674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399362802","https://openalex.org/W3103683805","https://openalex.org/W7035973093","https://openalex.org/W7171961554","https://openalex.org/W7161000784","https://openalex.org/W4320561231","https://openalex.org/W7167630655","https://openalex.org/W4408565925","https://openalex.org/W7047260480","https://openalex.org/W4382318661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Algorithmic":[1],"recourse":[2,35,86,113,155,201],"is":[3],"concerned":[4],"with":[5],"aiding":[6],"individuals":[7],"who":[8],"are":[9,37,88],"unfavorably":[10],"treated":[11],"by":[12,20],"automated":[13],"decision-making":[14],"systems":[15],"to":[16,48,54,66,81,96,145,150,183],"overcome":[17],"their":[18],"hardship,":[19],"offering":[21,200],"recommendations":[22],"that":[23,45,94],"would":[24],"result":[25],"in":[26,70,84,202,225],"a":[27,71,97,114,157],"more":[28],"favorable":[29],"prediction":[30],"when":[31],"acted":[32],"upon.":[33],"Such":[34,141],"actions":[36,87,161],"typically":[38],"obtained":[39],"through":[40,137],"solving":[41],"an":[42,189],"optimization":[43,68,148,179],"problem":[44,69,149],"minimizes":[46],"changes":[47,95],"the":[49,67,82,100,123,147,163,178,195,213],"individual\u2019s":[50,101],"feature":[51],"vector,":[52],"subject":[53],"various":[55],"plausibility,":[56],"diversity,":[57],"and":[58,129,139,181,185,191,208],"sparsity":[59],"constraints.":[60],"Whereas":[61],"previous":[62],"works":[63],"offer":[64,176],"solutions":[65,182],"variety":[72],"of":[73,99,125,132,159,165,199],"settings,":[74],"they":[75],"critically":[76],"overlook":[77],"real-world":[78],"considerations":[79,121],"pertaining":[80],"environment":[83],"which":[85],"performed.":[89],"The":[90],"present":[91],"work":[92],"emphasizes":[93],"subset":[98],"attributes":[102],"may":[103],"have":[104],"consequential":[105],"down-stream":[106],"effects":[107],"on":[108,188,212],"other":[109],"attributes,":[110],"thus":[111],"making":[112],"fundamcausal":[115],"problem.":[116],"Here,":[117],"we":[118,217],"model":[119],"such":[120,220],"using":[122,206],"framework":[124],"structural":[126],"causal":[127,135,166,229],"models,":[128],"highlight":[130],"pitfalls":[131],"not":[133],"considering":[134],"relations":[136],"examples":[138],"theory.":[140],"insights":[142],"allow":[143],"us":[144],"reformulate":[146],"directly":[151],"optimize":[152],"for":[153,171],"minimally-costly":[154],"over":[156],"space":[158],"feasible":[160],"(in":[162],"form":[164],"interventions)":[167],"rather":[168],"than":[169],"optimizing":[170],"minimally-distant":[172],"\u201ccounterfactual":[173],"explanations\u201d.":[174],"We":[175],"both":[177],"formulations":[180],"deterministic":[184],"probabilistic":[186],"recourse,":[187],"individualized":[190],"sub-population":[192],"level,":[193],"overcoming":[194],"steep":[196],"assumptive":[197],"requirements":[198],"general":[203],"settings.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"synthetic":[207],"semi-synthetic":[209],"experiments":[210],"based":[211],"German":[214],"Credit":[215],"dataset,":[216],"demonstrate":[218],"how":[219],"methods":[221],"can":[222],"be":[223],"applied":[224],"practice":[226],"under":[227],"minimal":[228],"assumptions.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}