{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225463511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","title":"Phase Noise Reduction in LC VCO\u2019s Using an Array of Cross-Coupled Nanoscale MOSFETs and Intelligent Post-Fabrication Selection","display_name":"Phase Noise Reduction in LC VCO\u2019s Using an Array of Cross-Coupled Nanoscale MOSFETs and Intelligent Post-Fabrication Selection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225463511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198879913","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","issn_l":"0018-9480","issn":["0018-9480","1557-9670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320754","host_organization_name":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036379526","display_name":"Pavan Yelleswarapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-417X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-417X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Yelleswarapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-417X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031546492","display_name":"Amit Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2541-4832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2541-4832","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-8927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-8927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard Willis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135458274","display_name":"Citigroup","ror":"https://ror.org/032xgdx47","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135458274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Willis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Citigroup Global Markets Inc., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Citigroup Global Markets Inc., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135458274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078818440","display_name":"Yiorgos Makris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiorgos Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025240967","display_name":"Kenneth K. O","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-1204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-1204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth K. O","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-1204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5421,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54688152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"3244","last_page":"3256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise-suppression","display_name":"phase noise reduction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lc-voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"LC voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor-arrays","display_name":"transistor arrays","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-frequency-noise","display_name":"low-frequency noise","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-noise","display_name":"thermal noise","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/65-nm-cmos","display_name":"65 nm CMOS","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"figure of merit","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-vco","display_name":"low-power VCO","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.8822771310806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7948763370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7496378421783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.676992654800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5473435521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5363219380378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.520523190498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4672743082046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4577047824859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43191713094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3808601498603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24153375625610352}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2022.3164949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198879913","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","issn_l":"0018-9480","issn":["0018-9480","1557-9670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320754","host_organization_name":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770691349","https://openalex.org/W1965272013","https://openalex.org/W2006658777","https://openalex.org/W2008964143","https://openalex.org/W2014513090","https://openalex.org/W2029808896","https://openalex.org/W2050645980","https://openalex.org/W2059193309","https://openalex.org/W2065103588","https://openalex.org/W2067855620","https://openalex.org/W2068925816","https://openalex.org/W2075700886","https://openalex.org/W2077692423","https://openalex.org/W2088606459","https://openalex.org/W2093726197","https://openalex.org/W2098907338","https://openalex.org/W2099064239","https://openalex.org/W2099801150","https://openalex.org/W2102674273","https://openalex.org/W2103765032","https://openalex.org/W2116622290","https://openalex.org/W2116766520","https://openalex.org/W2118198557","https://openalex.org/W2118415475","https://openalex.org/W2118677669","https://openalex.org/W2129762271","https://openalex.org/W2130191481","https://openalex.org/W2139455033","https://openalex.org/W2142423888","https://openalex.org/W2144546776","https://openalex.org/W2147195389","https://openalex.org/W2149229127","https://openalex.org/W2157175234","https://openalex.org/W2161246726","https://openalex.org/W2163439347","https://openalex.org/W2169735823","https://openalex.org/W2174975932","https://openalex.org/W2177998636","https://openalex.org/W2289759166","https://openalex.org/W2342208198","https://openalex.org/W2521349449","https://openalex.org/W2524241037","https://openalex.org/W2547800328","https://openalex.org/W2587702492","https://openalex.org/W2615447930","https://openalex.org/W2624435589","https://openalex.org/W2743609131","https://openalex.org/W2771009554","https://openalex.org/W2899938501","https://openalex.org/W3024411827","https://openalex.org/W3096639522","https://openalex.org/W3113231815","https://openalex.org/W3135766164","https://openalex.org/W3215001866","https://openalex.org/W6667569222","https://openalex.org/W6696720659","https://openalex.org/W6791399572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035363686","https://openalex.org/W2133192911","https://openalex.org/W4254748902","https://openalex.org/W2117489612","https://openalex.org/W2055737167","https://openalex.org/W1978389678","https://openalex.org/W2154171958","https://openalex.org/W2120350390","https://openalex.org/W2108246086","https://openalex.org/W4405908206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-frequency":[0],"mymargin":[1],"noise,":[2,4],"thermal":[3,59],"and":[5,58,80,93,99,131,148,154],"dc":[6,136],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,42,45,48,66,90,114,135,141],"nanoscale":[9],"MOS":[10],"transistors":[11],"with":[12,54],"dimensions":[13],"close":[14],"to":[15],"the":[16,62,64,72,111,115,155,158],"process":[17,130],"minimum":[18],"are":[19],"highly":[20],"variable.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23],"demonstrates":[24],"a":[25,43,67,84,104,127],"phase":[26],"noise":[27,57],"(PN)":[28],"reduction":[29],"technique":[30],"for":[31],"LC":[32],"voltage-controlled":[33],"oscillators":[34],"(VCOs)":[35],"that":[36],"use":[37],"an":[38,46],"intelligent":[39],"post-fabrication":[40],"selection":[41],"subset":[44],"array":[47],"near":[49],"minimum-size":[50],"cross-coupled":[51],"transistor":[52],"pairs":[53],"reduced":[55],"low-frequency":[56],"noise.":[60],"Using":[61],"technique,":[63],"PN":[65,89],"VCO":[68,122,159],"is":[69,151,163],"lowered":[70],"from":[71,83,103],"maximum":[73,139],"by":[74],"3.5":[75],"dB":[76],"at":[77,96],"600-kHz,":[78,97],"1-MHz,":[79,98],"3-MHz":[81,100],"offsets":[82],"3.8-GHz":[85,105],"carrier.":[86],"The":[87,121,138],"lowest":[88],"\u2212122,":[91],"\u2212129,":[92],"\u2212139.5":[94],"dBc/Hz":[95],"offsets,":[101],"respectively,":[102],"carrier":[106,146],"has":[107],"been":[108],"measured":[109],"using":[110],"PLL":[112],"method":[113],"Keysight":[116],"E5052B":[117],"Signal":[118],"Source":[119],"Analyzer.":[120],"prototype":[123],"was":[124],"fabricated":[125],"in":[126],"65-nm":[128],"CMOS":[129],"dissipates":[132],"7":[133],"mW":[134],"power.":[137],"figure":[140],"merit":[142],"(FoM),":[143],"including":[144,157],"PN,":[145],"frequency,":[147],"power":[149],"consumption,":[150],"193":[152],"dBc/Hz,":[153],"FoM,":[156],"core":[160],"area,${\\mathrm":[161],"{FoM}}_{A}$,":[162],"209":[164],"dBc/Hz.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}
