{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225425596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411","title":"Danger from a distance: Executives' social distance and multinationals' responses to host\u2010country terrorist attacks","display_name":"Danger from a distance: Executives' social distance and multinationals' responses to host\u2010country terrorist attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225425596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/smj.3411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102949365","display_name":"Strategic Management Journal","issn_l":"0143-2095","issn":["0143-2095","1097-0266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Strategic Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353175","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-1572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-1572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380706","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-1481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-1481","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-2498","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4812-5000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066579308","display_name":"Lorraine Eden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-9959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-9959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorraine Eden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mays Business School Texas A&M University  College Station Texas USA","Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mays Business School Texas A&M University  College Station Texas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045423425","display_name":"Marjorie A. Lyles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjorie A. Lyles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and International Business, Florida International University College of Business, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and International Business, Florida International University College of Business, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92623097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"11","first_page":"2414","last_page":"2443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distance","display_name":"social distance","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construal-level-theory","display_name":"construal level theory","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-subsidiaries","display_name":"foreign subsidiaries","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism-risk","display_name":"terrorism risk","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181190989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200733","display_name":"Divestment","level":2,"score":0.9595078229904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126071100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658255","display_name":"Subsidiary","level":3,"score":0.9078129529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.7690531015396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7573201656341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.554787278175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.34226638078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23790675401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11250185966491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11090362071990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.104047030210495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/smj.3411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102949365","display_name":"Strategic Management Journal","issn_l":"0143-2095","issn":["0143-2095","1097-0266"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Strategic Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1917370986","https://openalex.org/W1979710669","https://openalex.org/W1981492647","https://openalex.org/W1982744183","https://openalex.org/W1984168327","https://openalex.org/W1991969038","https://openalex.org/W2004762468","https://openalex.org/W2007576031","https://openalex.org/W2015152577","https://openalex.org/W2020891035","https://openalex.org/W2032412401","https://openalex.org/W2059795083","https://openalex.org/W2071867842","https://openalex.org/W2075433277","https://openalex.org/W2081155979","https://openalex.org/W2089457241","https://openalex.org/W2095329553","https://openalex.org/W2097152148","https://openalex.org/W2101468253","https://openalex.org/W2103385562","https://openalex.org/W2104484695","https://openalex.org/W2122450421","https://openalex.org/W2122929840","https://openalex.org/W2129188456","https://openalex.org/W2132052405","https://openalex.org/W2133028676","https://openalex.org/W2133462023","https://openalex.org/W2135935490","https://openalex.org/W2139845932","https://openalex.org/W2142285657","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2152566281","https://openalex.org/W2299115868","https://openalex.org/W2327963704","https://openalex.org/W2334249583","https://openalex.org/W2339117071","https://openalex.org/W2414160448","https://openalex.org/W2530453081","https://openalex.org/W2567317949","https://openalex.org/W2580821850","https://openalex.org/W2582859958","https://openalex.org/W2587868080","https://openalex.org/W2638962112","https://openalex.org/W2789198790","https://openalex.org/W2889269074","https://openalex.org/W2889647380","https://openalex.org/W3028536343","https://openalex.org/W3035511363","https://openalex.org/W3038886883","https://openalex.org/W3121736426","https://openalex.org/W3122927853","https://openalex.org/W3124795771","https://openalex.org/W3129092357","https://openalex.org/W3133163750","https://openalex.org/W3192760666","https://openalex.org/W3204408573","https://openalex.org/W4230957748","https://openalex.org/W4247276882","https://openalex.org/W4253239325","https://openalex.org/W4301317677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028536343","https://openalex.org/W3109014065","https://openalex.org/W4415999678","https://openalex.org/W2097152148","https://openalex.org/W6963761610","https://openalex.org/W2873263673","https://openalex.org/W2322307214","https://openalex.org/W7133131186","https://openalex.org/W2011454786","https://openalex.org/W7169554128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Research":[1],"Summary":[2,118],"This":[3],"article":[4],"examines":[5],"whether":[6],"and":[7,45,72],"under":[8],"what":[9],"conditions":[10],"multinational":[11],"enterprises":[12],"(MNEs)":[13],"are":[14,86,114,208,221,232],"likely":[15,88,224],"to":[16,21,41,78,89,96,110,133,202,210,225],"divest":[17,90,203],"a":[18,65,124,179,211,216],"subsidiary":[19],"exposed":[20,132,209],"host\u2010country":[22,42,97],"terrorist":[23,43,98],"attacks.":[24],"Drawing":[25],"on":[26,53,64,83,197],"construal":[27],"level":[28],"theory":[29],"from":[30,58,76,185,235],"social":[31,56,183],"psychology,":[32],"we":[33,80],"propose":[34],"that":[35,82,150,196],"the":[36,59,102,134,138,151,186,236],"association":[37],"between":[38],"subsidiaries'":[39],"exposure":[40,95],"attacks":[44,99],"MNEs'":[46,152],"likelihood":[47],"of":[48,67,142,181],"divesting":[49,130],"these":[50],"subsidiaries":[51,75,92,131,205],"depends":[52],"their":[54,73,91,94,165,182,204,229],"executives'":[55],"distance":[57,184],"event":[60,187],"host":[61,108,125,188,217,238],"country.":[62,239],"Based":[63],"sample":[66],"Fortune":[68],"US":[69],"100":[70],"MNEs":[71,85,119,199],"foreign":[74],"2003":[77],"2014,":[79],"find":[81,195],"average,":[84,198],"more":[87],"when":[93,137,206,228],"increases;":[100],"however,":[101,219],"effect":[103],"is":[104],"only":[105],"prominent":[106],"in":[107,123,215],"countries":[109],"which":[111],"MNE":[112],"executives":[113,231],"socially":[115,233],"proximate.":[116],"Managerial":[117],"confronting":[120],"terrorism":[121,213],"threats":[122,135],"country":[126],"sometimes":[127],"respond":[128],"by":[129,159,164],"even":[136],"high":[139,212],"opportunity":[140],"costs":[141],"divestment":[143,153,192],"render":[144],"this":[145],"response":[146,154],"irrational.":[147],"We":[148,170,194],"argue":[149],"may":[155],"not":[156],"be":[157],"driven":[158],"rational":[160],"economic":[161],"calculations":[162],"but":[163],"executive\u2019":[166],"subjective":[167,175],"threat":[168,176,214],"perceptions.":[169],"investigate":[171],"how":[172],"top":[173,230],"executives\u2019":[174],"perceptions,":[177],"as":[178],"function":[180],"country,":[189],"influence":[190],"MNEs\u2019":[191],"decisions.":[193],"do":[200,226],"tend":[201],"they":[207,220],"country;":[218],"much":[222],"less":[223],"so":[227],"distant":[234],"focal":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}