{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224864016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","title":"Accuracy of non-physician health workers in respiratory rate measurement to identify paediatric pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Accuracy of non-physician health workers in respiratory rate measurement to identify paediatric pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224864016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","pdf_url":"https://jogh.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/jogh-12-04037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736978234","display_name":"Journal of Global Health","issn_l":"2047-2978","issn":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311848","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh University Global Health Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edinburgh University Global Health Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jogh.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/jogh-12-04037.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017372550","display_name":"Ahad Mahmud Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-0825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-0825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahad M Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh","The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016794764","display_name":"Anna O\u2019Donald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna O\u2019Donald","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012773922","display_name":"Ting Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-4535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-4535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043796567","display_name":"Salahuddin Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-0638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-0638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salahuddin Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh","The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014703174","display_name":"Eric D. McCollum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D McCollum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074551251","display_name":"Carina King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carina King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062953269","display_name":"Abdullah Hel Baqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-1983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-1983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah H Baqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056023987","display_name":"Steve Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-251X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-251X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070568170","display_name":"Harry J. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-6262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-6262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017372550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":0.3571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37237654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-pneumonia","display_name":"pediatric pneumonia","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate-measurement","display_name":"respiratory rate measurement","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-physician-health-workers","display_name":"non-physician health workers","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-mortality","display_name":"child mortality","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.817476749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6769180297851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5722447633743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5712621212005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5581353306770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.4731665253639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.41645383834838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.4160920977592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22553151845932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14862415194511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","pdf_url":"https://jogh.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/jogh-12-04037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736978234","display_name":"Journal of Global Health","issn_l":"2047-2978","issn":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311848","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh University Global Health Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edinburgh University Global Health Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9037577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9037577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Glob Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/f072197c-6491-4455-83b5-d014927ff16f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9037577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Khan, A, O'Donald, A, Shi, T, Ahmed, S, McCollum, E D, King, C, Baqui, A H, Cunningham, S & Campbell, H 2022, 'Accuracy of non-physician health workers in respiratory rate measurement to identify paediatric pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Global Health. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04037","pdf_url":"https://jogh.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/jogh-12-04037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736978234","display_name":"Journal of Global Health","issn_l":"2047-2978","issn":["2047-2978","2047-2986"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311848","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh University Global Health Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edinburgh University Global Health Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7604662020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16/136/109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314707","display_name":"Government of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/05wnh3t63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224864016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224864016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577638235","https://openalex.org/W1584926998","https://openalex.org/W1748407125","https://openalex.org/W1748836287","https://openalex.org/W1972505102","https://openalex.org/W2009683170","https://openalex.org/W2020488794","https://openalex.org/W2064778838","https://openalex.org/W2066321245","https://openalex.org/W2104806590","https://openalex.org/W2107638293","https://openalex.org/W2113629675","https://openalex.org/W2114296090","https://openalex.org/W2116576834","https://openalex.org/W2119634260","https://openalex.org/W2126054739","https://openalex.org/W2126295587","https://openalex.org/W2130124185","https://openalex.org/W2135879546","https://openalex.org/W2135896951","https://openalex.org/W2136037924","https://openalex.org/W2138133447","https://openalex.org/W2138152245","https://openalex.org/W2142062901","https://openalex.org/W2142757410","https://openalex.org/W2145083091","https://openalex.org/W2148025464","https://openalex.org/W2151047141","https://openalex.org/W2159750464","https://openalex.org/W2160643049","https://openalex.org/W2164973842","https://openalex.org/W2282033773","https://openalex.org/W2310826711","https://openalex.org/W2396310523","https://openalex.org/W2508937177","https://openalex.org/W2549697535","https://openalex.org/W2785704959","https://openalex.org/W2886870817","https://openalex.org/W2889562406","https://openalex.org/W2898181247","https://openalex.org/W2912263222","https://openalex.org/W2917388343","https://openalex.org/W2952605131","https://openalex.org/W2955753681","https://openalex.org/W2995373835","https://openalex.org/W2998767931","https://openalex.org/W3111924612","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W6676053923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111924612","https://openalex.org/W4318921608","https://openalex.org/W6921470810","https://openalex.org/W2953439757","https://openalex.org/W2310826711","https://openalex.org/W3091892029","https://openalex.org/W1990249720","https://openalex.org/W7154599363","https://openalex.org/W2558044940","https://openalex.org/W7128911422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pneumonia":[0],"is":[1,23,53],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,21],"the":[4],"leading":[5],"causes":[6],"mortality":[8],"in":[9,49],"children":[10],"aged":[11],"below":[12],"five":[13],"years":[14],"worldwide":[15],"[1].":[16],"The":[17],"overall":[18],"global":[19],"incidence":[20],"pneumonia":[22,35,43],"0.22":[24],"(IQR":[25],"=":[26],"0.11-0.51)":[27],"episodes":[28,36],"per":[29],"child-year":[30],"[2].":[31],"Approximately":[32],"68":[33],"million":[34],"and":[37],"650":[38],"000":[39],"deaths":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,46],"were":[44],"estimated":[45],"have":[47],"occurred":[48],"2016":[50],"[3].":[51],"There":[52],"a":[54],"notable":[55],"discrepancy":[56],"between":[57],"[\u2026]":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-04-27T00:00:00"}