{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224846151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","title":"Green approach on ternary blended pre stressed cement concrete railway sleepers","display_name":"Green approach on ternary blended pre stressed cement concrete railway sleepers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224846151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397622000399/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206404","display_name":"Cleaner Materials","issn_l":"2772-3976","issn":["2772-3976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cleaner Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397622000399/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037716113","display_name":"S. Prabhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106826634","display_name":"Jain University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cnqpt53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106826634"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Prabhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, CERSSE-JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, CERSSE-JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106826634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101749396","display_name":"K. B. Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-7894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-7894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802584695","display_name":"Government of Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/00maf9573","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802584695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.B. Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government College of Engineering, Haveri, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802584695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042987181","display_name":"A. Shashishankar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shashishankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028122118","display_name":"Shaik Numan Mahdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-8055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-8055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106826634","display_name":"Jain University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cnqpt53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106826634"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaik Numan Mahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, CERSSE-JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, CERSSE-JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106826634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077707379","display_name":"C.S. Mohiyuddin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.S. Mohiyuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028122118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106826634"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":0.5268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56805599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"100079","last_page":"100079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-sleepers","display_name":"railway sleepers","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prestressed-concrete-sleepers","display_name":"prestressed concrete sleepers","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-blended-concrete","display_name":"ternary blended concrete","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-granulated-blast-furnace-slag","display_name":"ground granulated blast furnace slag","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metakaolin","display_name":"metakaolin","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silica-fume","display_name":"silica fume","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-waste-utilization","display_name":"industrial waste utilization","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint-reduction","display_name":"carbon footprint reduction","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarse-aggregate-replacement","display_name":"coarse aggregate replacement","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-of-resistance","display_name":"moment of resistance","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-railways","display_name":"Indian Railways","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.685305655002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11839303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622096","display_name":"Silica fume","level":3,"score":0.625898003578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.6253049373626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.6127661466598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.5212567448616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4463104009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33819350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353009","display_name":"Ground granulated blast-furnace slag","level":3,"score":0.44148722290992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4024239778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3885115385055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3607872426509857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2688630521297455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397622000399/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206404","display_name":"Cleaner Materials","issn_l":"2772-3976","issn":["2772-3976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cleaner Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:990790de13c5402cb10ceac134cc4f99","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/990790de13c5402cb10ceac134cc4f99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cleaner Materials, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100079- (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100079","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397622000399/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206404","display_name":"Cleaner Materials","issn_l":"2772-3976","issn":["2772-3976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cleaner Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224846151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224846151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587196467","https://openalex.org/W1900732308","https://openalex.org/W1964630736","https://openalex.org/W1967139879","https://openalex.org/W1993555878","https://openalex.org/W1996530065","https://openalex.org/W2000282519","https://openalex.org/W2032201329","https://openalex.org/W2338634032","https://openalex.org/W2742776695","https://openalex.org/W2762638498","https://openalex.org/W2803320021","https://openalex.org/W2978533760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281935396","https://openalex.org/W2516866570","https://openalex.org/W4393319550","https://openalex.org/W4400017220","https://openalex.org/W1996530065","https://openalex.org/W2172382654","https://openalex.org/W2921098291","https://openalex.org/W2582594784","https://openalex.org/W4390591155","https://openalex.org/W7203724353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"Railway":[1,95],"concrete":[2,21,59,74,188],"sleepers":[3,27,76,150,221],"are":[4,170],"manufactured":[5,184,272],"using":[6],"steel":[7],"pre-stressed":[8],"strands":[9],"upto":[10],"pre-determined":[11],"stress":[12],"level":[13,193],"surrounded":[14],"by":[15,99],"well":[16],"compacted":[17],"controlled":[18],"concrete.":[19,144],"The":[20,71,174,241],"used":[22,57,277],"in":[23,148,263,278],"manufacturing":[24,61,151],"of":[25,31,53,89,139,143,165,176,190,194,196,202,224,230,254],"railway":[26,149],"is":[28,66],"made":[29],"up":[30],"53":[32],"grade":[33],"ordinary":[34],"Portland":[35],"cement":[36,197],"with":[37,46,185,199,250],"natural":[38,203],"aggregates.":[39],"Though,":[40],"experiments":[41],"have":[42,130],"been":[43,131],"conducted":[44],"worldwide":[45],"various":[47],"unorthodoxical":[48],"constituent":[49],"materials,":[50],"the":[51,83,93,140,162,181,214,264,271],"standardization":[52],"such":[54,109],"non-conventional":[55],"materials":[56,117,147],"for":[58,77,220],"sleeper":[60,183,211],"on":[62,159],"Indian":[63,94],"Railways":[64],"(IR)":[65],"yet":[67],"to":[68,246],"be":[69,276],"established.":[70],"pretensioned":[72],"prestressed":[73],"(PSC)":[75],"Broad":[78],"Gauge":[79],"(BG)":[80],"should":[81],"pass":[82],"specified":[84,215],"acceptance":[85],"criteria":[86,239],"T":[87],"39-85":[88],"2011":[90],"as":[91,110],"per":[92],"Standard":[96,102],"specification":[97],"issued":[98],"Research":[100],"Design":[101],"Organisation":[103],"(RDSO).":[104],"Abundantly":[105],"available":[106],"industrial":[107],"wastes,":[108],"Fly":[111],"ash":[112,257],"and":[113,168,283],"other":[114],"supplementary":[115],"cementitious":[116],"viz.,":[118],"ground":[119],"granulated":[120],"blast":[121],"furnace":[122],"slag":[123],"(GGBFS),":[124],"metakaoline":[125],"(MK),":[126],"silica":[127],"fume":[128],"(SF)":[129],"found,":[132],"through":[133],"experimental":[134,178,242],"investigations":[135],"which":[136],"improves":[137],"some":[138],"characteristic":[141],"strengths":[142],"Utilising":[145],"these":[146],"process":[152],"contributes":[153],"carbon":[154],"foot":[155],"print":[156],"(CFP)":[157],"mitigation":[158],"one":[160],"hand,":[161],"growing":[163],"concerns":[164],"waste":[166],"disposal":[167],"management":[169],"also":[171],"addressed":[172],"concurrently.":[173],"findings":[175,243],"current":[177,265],"studies":[179,249],"indicate,":[180],"PSC":[182,274],"ternary":[186],"blended":[187],"(TBC)":[189],"different":[191],"percentage":[192,252],"replacement":[195,201],"along":[198],"partial":[200],"coarse":[204,258],"aggregate,":[205],"exhibit":[206],"good":[207],"strength":[208],"characteristics.":[209],"These":[210],"specimens":[212],"qualify":[213],"standard":[216],"bending":[217],"test":[218],"(SBT)":[219],"namely":[222],"moment":[223,229],"resistance":[225],"(MR),":[226],"whereas":[227],"failing":[228],"failure":[231,234],"(MF)":[232],"at":[233,236],"loads":[235],"rail":[237],"seats":[238],"only.":[240],"hold":[244],"promise":[245],"conduct":[247],"further":[248],"lesser":[251],"levels":[253],"sintered":[255],"fly":[256],"aggregate":[259],"i.e.,":[260],"standalone":[261],"40%":[262],"study.":[266],"From":[267],"application":[268],"stand":[269],"point,":[270],"TBC-":[273],"can":[275],"loop":[279],"lines,":[280,286],"berthing":[281],"tracks":[282],"non-passenger":[284],"freight-oriented":[285],"major":[287],"shunting":[288],"yards.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-04-27T00:00:00"}
