{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224577366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","title":"Viral Population Diversity during Co-Infection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes SAT1 and SAT2 in African Buffalo in Kenya","display_name":"Viral Population Diversity during Co-Infection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes SAT1 and SAT2 in African Buffalo in Kenya","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224577366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632639","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9145140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v14050897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/897/pdf?version=1651261745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/897/pdf?version=1651261745","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052665818","display_name":"Rachel M. Palinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-8951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-8951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel M. Palinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-8951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037216646","display_name":"Barbara P. Brito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-2596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-2596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Brito","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-2596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014991074","display_name":"Frederick R. Jaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-7026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-7026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick R. Jaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4019-7026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088908391","display_name":"Abraham Sangula","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Sangula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory, Embakasi, Nairobi 00500, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory, Embakasi, Nairobi 00500, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025911275","display_name":"Francis Gakuya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-746X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-746X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254651","display_name":"Wildlife Research and Training Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0230rkd28","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254651"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Gakuya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterinary Science and Laboratories Department, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 20117, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterinary Science and Laboratories Department, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 20117, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045825700","display_name":"Miranda R. Bertram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-960X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-960X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miranda R. Bertram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3321-960X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084311137","display_name":"Steven J. Pauszek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-5502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-5502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288380561","display_name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0599wfz09","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J. Pauszek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111972653","display_name":"Ethan J. Hartwig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan J. Hartwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033774865","display_name":"George R. Smoliga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George R. Smoliga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022426042","display_name":"Vincent Obanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-5359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-5359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254651","display_name":"Wildlife Research and Training Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0230rkd28","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254651"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Obanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterinary Science and Laboratories Department, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 20117, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterinary Science and Laboratories Department, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 20117, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"George P. Omondi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George P. Omondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ahadi Veterinary Resource Center, Nairobi 20117, Kenya","Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ahadi Veterinary Resource Center, Nairobi 20117, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040513308","display_name":"Kimberly L. VanderWaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-6430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-6430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly VanderWaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-6430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069908271","display_name":"Jonathan Arzt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-7893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-7893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120146","display_name":"Plum Island Animal Disease Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02dtaqq02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Arzt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-7893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040513308","https://openalex.org/A5069908271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210120146"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"fwci":1.0479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70365637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"897","last_page":"897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12733","display_name":"Vector-Borne Animal Diseases","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-and-mouth-disease-virus","display_name":"foot-and-mouth disease virus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-buffalo","display_name":"African buffalo","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coinfection","display_name":"co-infection","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/within-host-evolution","display_name":"within-host evolution","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-genetic-diversity","display_name":"viral genetic diversity","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-infection","display_name":"persistent infection","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-reservoirs","display_name":"wildlife reservoirs","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonstructural-proteins","display_name":"non-structural proteins","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-viruses","display_name":"chimeric viruses","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1911079","display_name":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus","level":3,"score":0.8412522673606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7353301048278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7284746766090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202878990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830465","display_name":"Capsid","level":3,"score":0.7112791538238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10389963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848328","display_name":"Serotype","level":2,"score":0.6650482416152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.6073439121246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5813019275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.4742010235786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.45487862825393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.4146963059902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.33530643582344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.28879135847091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.21689870953559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000835","descriptor_name":"Animals, Wild","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002020","descriptor_name":"Buffaloes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005536","descriptor_name":"Foot-and-Mouth Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029544","descriptor_name":"Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036022","descriptor_name":"Capsid Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060085","descriptor_name":"Coinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065288","descriptor_name":"Serogroup","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/v14050897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/897/pdf?version=1651261745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9145140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9145140/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4681f98d76c44c7fb9739c1614eb6b1f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4681f98d76c44c7fb9739c1614eb6b1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 897 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/v14050897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/897/pdf?version=1651261745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55776271","display_name":"Viruses","issn_l":"1999-4915","issn":["1999-4915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Viruses","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2974034163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRIS 8064-32000-061-00D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G636030101","display_name":"COOPERTIVE AGREEMENT","funder_award_id":"AIDOAAA1100012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","funder_display_name":"United States Agency for International Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224577366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224577366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508995393","https://openalex.org/W1540139062","https://openalex.org/W1757744415","https://openalex.org/W1946252112","https://openalex.org/W1963605175","https://openalex.org/W1968838359","https://openalex.org/W1992800104","https://openalex.org/W2034108578","https://openalex.org/W2049376874","https://openalex.org/W2078650464","https://openalex.org/W2086764179","https://openalex.org/W2096420865","https://openalex.org/W2101852994","https://openalex.org/W2103738533","https://openalex.org/W2111647009","https://openalex.org/W2112146257","https://openalex.org/W2132926880","https://openalex.org/W2136187136","https://openalex.org/W2149388270","https://openalex.org/W2152119362","https://openalex.org/W2153855413","https://openalex.org/W2170964688","https://openalex.org/W2171126517","https://openalex.org/W2171142493","https://openalex.org/W2294951422","https://openalex.org/W2337715749","https://openalex.org/W2346606452","https://openalex.org/W2402724933","https://openalex.org/W2605759691","https://openalex.org/W2800924526","https://openalex.org/W2802693360","https://openalex.org/W2807308836","https://openalex.org/W2886438755","https://openalex.org/W2892494817","https://openalex.org/W2921321097","https://openalex.org/W2944801532","https://openalex.org/W2989774783","https://openalex.org/W2998307195","https://openalex.org/W3007723965","https://openalex.org/W3011553999","https://openalex.org/W3017154869","https://openalex.org/W3202323137","https://openalex.org/W3203282058","https://openalex.org/W4206712614","https://openalex.org/W4231756443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149388270","https://openalex.org/W4295279410","https://openalex.org/W4295281123","https://openalex.org/W1784469211","https://openalex.org/W2998517814","https://openalex.org/W2160216426","https://openalex.org/W3017154869","https://openalex.org/W2527072512","https://openalex.org/W6930398558","https://openalex.org/W3172093455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"African":[0,70],"buffalo":[1,19,57,185],"are":[2,20],"the":[3,7,39,74,93,119,130,139,143,159,180,188,194,212,215,251,263,273,280],"natural":[4],"reservoirs":[5],"of":[6,10,32,44,77,80,118,132,179,191,275],"SAT":[8],"serotypes":[9,25,154],"foot-and-mouth":[11],"disease":[12],"virus":[13,219],"(FMDV)":[14],"in":[15,27,46,56,129,142,167,201,250],"sub-Saharan":[16],"Africa.":[17],"Most":[18],"exposed":[21],"to":[22,51,246,259,272,282,284],"multiple":[23],"FMDV":[24,45,54,260],"early":[26],"life,":[28],"and":[29,42,72,89,107,135,148,172,182,242,266,269,286],"a":[30,127,163],"proportion":[31],"them":[33],"become":[34],"persistently":[35],"infected":[36,69],"carriers.":[37],"Understanding":[38],"genetic":[40,75,165],"diversity":[41,76,249],"evolution":[43,239],"carrier":[47],"animals":[48],"is":[49],"critical":[50,258],"elucidate":[52],"how":[53],"persists":[55],"populations.":[58],"In":[59,177,222],"this":[60],"study,":[61],"we":[62,97],"obtained":[63,98,103,121],"oropharyngeal":[64],"(OPF)":[65],"fluid":[66],"from":[67,105,122,152,158,214],"naturally":[68],"buffalo,":[71,96],"characterized":[73],"FMDV.":[78],"Out":[79],"54":[81],"FMDV-positive":[82],"OPF,":[83],"5":[84],"were":[85,110,156,198,207],"co-infected":[86,95,184],"with":[87,211,225],"SAT1":[88,147,181],"SAT2":[90,149,183,196,227],"serotypes.":[91],"From":[92],"five":[94],"eighty-nine":[99],"plaque-purified":[100],"isolates.":[101],"Isolates":[102],"directly":[104],"OPF":[106],"plaque":[108],"purification":[109],"sequenced":[111],"using":[112],"next-generation":[113],"sequencing":[114],"(NGS).":[115],"Phylogenetic":[116],"analyses":[117],"sequences":[120],"recombination-free":[123],"protein-coding":[124,169],"regions":[125,170],"revealed":[126],"discrepancy":[128],"topology":[131],"capsid":[133,144],"proteins":[134],"non-structural":[136,168],"proteins.":[137],"Despite":[138],"high":[140,164],"divergence":[141],"phylogeny":[145],"between":[146],"serotypes,":[150],"viruses":[151,277],"different":[153,203],"that":[155,278],"collected":[157],"same":[160],"host":[161],"had":[162],"similarity":[166],"P2":[171],"P3,":[173],"suggesting":[174],"interserotypic":[175],"recombination.":[176],"two":[178,202,226],"identified":[186],"at":[187,262],"first":[189,216],"passage":[190,217],"viral":[192,248],"isolation,":[193],"plaque-derived":[195,230],"genomes":[197],"distinctly":[199],"grouped":[200],"genotypes.":[204],"These":[205,235,254],"genotypes":[206],"not":[208],"initially":[209],"detected":[210],"NGS":[213],"(non-purified)":[218],"isolation":[220],"sample.":[221],"one":[223,229],"animal":[224,265],"haplotypes,":[228],"chimeric":[231],"sequence":[232],"was":[233],"found.":[234],"findings":[236],"demonstrate":[237],"within-host":[238],"through":[240],"recombination":[241],"point":[243],"mutation":[244],"contributing":[245],"broad":[247],"wildlife":[252,288],"reservoir.":[253],"mechanisms":[255],"may":[256,270],"be":[257],"persistence":[261],"individual":[264],"population":[267],"levels,":[268],"contribute":[271],"emergence":[274],"new":[276],"have":[279],"ability":[281],"spill-over":[283],"livestock":[285],"other":[287],"species.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-04-27T00:00:00"}
