{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224326331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","title":"Arecoline Induces an Excitatory Response in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons in Anesthetized Rats","display_name":"Arecoline Induces an Excitatory Response in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons in Anesthetized Rats","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224326331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35548350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042488590","display_name":"Qinghui Lan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghui Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023079184","display_name":"Peiqing Guan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiqing Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043814023","display_name":"Chunzheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-9568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-9568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunzheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102825124","display_name":"Shi\u2010Le Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-984X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-984X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shile Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075540745","display_name":"Peiling Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peiling Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983714","display_name":"Changzheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-6257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changzheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075540745","https://openalex.org/A5101983714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.0267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71089194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"872212","last_page":"872212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.03689999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12649","display_name":"Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arecoline","display_name":"arecoline","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/areca-nut","display_name":"areca nut","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventral-tegmental-area","display_name":"ventral tegmental area","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-neurons","display_name":"dopaminergic neurons","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-neurons","display_name":"GABAergic neurons","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-firing-rate","display_name":"neuronal firing rate","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burst-firing","display_name":"burst firing","score":0.9010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423515","display_name":"Arecoline","level":4,"score":0.9616817235946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.8418791890144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779741799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157289","display_name":"Areca","level":3,"score":0.8122355937957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780948874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640562","display_name":"Ventral tegmental area","level":4,"score":0.8119707703590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776773494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3366041","display_name":"Pars compacta","level":5,"score":0.5914409756660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5644447803497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778622267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046743","display_name":"Catechu","level":3,"score":0.4978306293487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.36990082263946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3452598452568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32665061950683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26943713426589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18734195828437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.18429407477378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.05340084433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33789571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410959","display_name":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206391251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186738","display_name":"Nut","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35548350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35548350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9081529","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9081529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b6d63e4c0a34145ad71885aafde29e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b6d63e4c0a34145ad71885aafde29e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.872212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1878943596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81871062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4097625397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515010331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224326331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224326331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249845531","https://openalex.org/W1633847368","https://openalex.org/W1831515958","https://openalex.org/W1922357690","https://openalex.org/W1994984635","https://openalex.org/W2003486247","https://openalex.org/W2018826759","https://openalex.org/W2029738152","https://openalex.org/W2045520659","https://openalex.org/W2047223158","https://openalex.org/W2057458178","https://openalex.org/W2072488175","https://openalex.org/W2094037121","https://openalex.org/W2105119061","https://openalex.org/W2135159454","https://openalex.org/W2158596485","https://openalex.org/W2163839405","https://openalex.org/W2174563810","https://openalex.org/W2179660749","https://openalex.org/W2320560026","https://openalex.org/W2328435785","https://openalex.org/W2533083342","https://openalex.org/W2562756595","https://openalex.org/W2569240731","https://openalex.org/W2762933329","https://openalex.org/W2771750816","https://openalex.org/W2780741746","https://openalex.org/W2789885447","https://openalex.org/W2797780713","https://openalex.org/W2912724651","https://openalex.org/W3011483872","https://openalex.org/W3026789862","https://openalex.org/W3028396589","https://openalex.org/W3033790833","https://openalex.org/W3119611935","https://openalex.org/W3120202705","https://openalex.org/W3196144719","https://openalex.org/W4214581743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969967652","https://openalex.org/W2130417793","https://openalex.org/W10486502","https://openalex.org/W1528733389","https://openalex.org/W4379467522","https://openalex.org/W1997135683","https://openalex.org/W2347846923","https://openalex.org/W2087881926","https://openalex.org/W1600323401","https://openalex.org/W2592708229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"L.,":[0],"which":[1,165],"are":[2],"epidemic":[3],"plants":[4],"that":[5,105,158],"grow":[6],"in":[7,128,135,140,147],"tropical":[8],"and":[9,12,27,60,79,85,88,144,174],"subtropical":[10],"countries":[11],"cause":[13],"dependency":[14,23,173],"after":[15,89],"long-term":[16],"use.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,44,51,67,96,112,129,136,141,148,155],"mechanisms":[20],"underlying":[21,170],"such":[22],"remain":[24],"largely":[25],"unclear,":[26],"therefore,":[28],"no":[29],"effective":[30],"interventions":[31],"for":[32,178],"its":[33],"cessation":[34,181],"have":[35],"been":[36],"developed.":[37],"The":[38,73,92,102],"present":[39],"study":[40],"aimed":[41],"to":[42,69],"examine":[43],"effects":[45],"of":[46,50,77,95,111,115,150],"arecoline":[47,90,106,123,159],"on":[48],"neurons":[49,81,98],"ventral":[52],"tegmental":[53],"area":[54],"(VTA).":[55],"After":[56],"rats":[57],"were":[58,64,82,99],"anesthetized":[59],"craniotomized,":[61],"electrophysiological":[62],"electrodes":[63],"lowered":[65],"into":[66],"VTA":[68,162],"obtain":[70],"extracellular":[71],"recordings.":[72],"mean":[74],"firing":[75,113],"rate":[76,114],"dopaminergic":[78,97,116,130,163],"GABAergic":[80,120],"then":[83],"calculated":[84],"analyzed":[86],"before":[87],"treatment.":[91],"burst":[93,126,137,142],"characteristics":[94],"also":[100],"analyzed.":[101],"results":[103],"showed":[104],"evoked":[107,124],"a":[108,168,175],"significant":[109],"enhancement":[110,146],"neurons,":[117,131,164],"but":[118],"not":[119],"neurons.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"remarkable":[125],"firings":[127],"including":[132],"an":[133,145],"increase":[134],"rate,":[138],"elongation":[139],"duration,":[143],"number":[149],"spikes":[151],"per":[152],"burst.":[153],"Collectively,":[154],"findings":[156],"revealed":[157],"significantly":[160],"excited":[161],"may":[166],"be":[167],"mechanism":[169],"areca":[171,179],"nut":[172,180],"potential":[176],"target":[177],"therapy.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T09:42:04.148104","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}