{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224252500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","title":"Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characteristics of Sambucus nigra L. Blossom from Different Regions in Bulgaria","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characteristics of Sambucus nigra L. Blossom from Different Regions in Bulgaria","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224252500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/horticulturae8040309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/309/pdf?version=1649252822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737241975","display_name":"Horticulturae","issn_l":"2311-7524","issn":["2311-7524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticulturae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4224252500"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/309/pdf?version=1649252822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078355465","display_name":"Galia Gentscheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5776-2215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5776-2215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I507746717","display_name":"Medical University Pleven","ror":"https://ror.org/049ztct72","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I507746717"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galia Gentscheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I507746717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086712418","display_name":"Iliana Milkova-Tomova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-509X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-509X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086451","display_name":"University of Food Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0014fb593","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iliana Milkova-Tomova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-509X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084599067","display_name":"Krastena T. Nikolova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-4776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-4776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147017597","display_name":"Medical University of Varna","ror":"https://ror.org/03jkshc47","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krastena Nikolova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-4776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085335090","display_name":"Dragomira Buhalova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-3976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-3976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086451","display_name":"University of Food Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0014fb593","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragomira Buhalova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010462168","display_name":"Velichka Andonova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-1506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-1506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147017597","display_name":"Medical University of Varna","ror":"https://ror.org/03jkshc47","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Velichka Andonova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-1506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023220113","display_name":"Viliana Gugleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-8150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-8150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147017597","display_name":"Medical University of Varna","ror":"https://ror.org/03jkshc47","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viliana Gugleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088988066","display_name":"Nadezhda Traycheva Petkova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-9157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-9157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086451","display_name":"University of Food Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/0014fb593","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadezhda Petkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-9157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014984463","display_name":"Ina Yotkovska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I507746717","display_name":"Medical University Pleven","ror":"https://ror.org/049ztct72","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I507746717"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ina Yotkovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I507746717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021788267","display_name":"Nadezhda Antonova Ivanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-2170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-2170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147017597","display_name":"Medical University of Varna","ror":"https://ror.org/03jkshc47","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadezhda Ivanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-2170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147017597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078355465","https://openalex.org/A5084599067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147017597","https://openalex.org/I507746717"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1675},"fwci":1.8742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83975582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"309","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sambucus-nigra","display_name":"Sambucus nigra","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-phenolic-content","display_name":"total phenolic content","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acids","display_name":"amino acids","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugar","display_name":"sugar","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweetness-index","display_name":"sweetness index","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-metabolites","display_name":"secondary metabolites","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhodope-mountains","display_name":"Rhodope Mountains","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulgaria","display_name":"Bulgaria","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776709541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22701","display_name":"Sambucus nigra","level":3,"score":0.9702190160751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7175502777099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779476700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460453","display_name":"Sweetness","level":3,"score":0.6968962550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6258550882339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5636263489723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779106036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629666","display_name":"Flavonols","level":4,"score":0.5587916374206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777728882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407142","display_name":"Phenols","level":2,"score":0.5138362050056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.5112190246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776970464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122043","display_name":"Fructose","level":2,"score":0.46092578768730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781031786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287582","display_name":"ABTS","level":4,"score":0.41359394788742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.3444008231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781263971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409478","display_name":"Quercetin","level":3,"score":0.28448575735092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.23688441514968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22595292329788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.15281566977500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780758401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408693","display_name":"Lectin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/horticulturae8040309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/309/pdf?version=1649252822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737241975","display_name":"Horticulturae","issn_l":"2311-7524","issn":["2311-7524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticulturae","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3875671ebb964890a3cc441fbfcee2fa","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3875671ebb964890a3cc441fbfcee2fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Horticulturae, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 309 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/horticulturae8040309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/309/pdf?version=1649252822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737241975","display_name":"Horticulturae","issn_l":"2311-7524","issn":["2311-7524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticulturae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224252500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224252500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972489335","https://openalex.org/W1974193853","https://openalex.org/W2002056879","https://openalex.org/W2052426605","https://openalex.org/W2089578427","https://openalex.org/W2091896282","https://openalex.org/W2134421713","https://openalex.org/W2148726268","https://openalex.org/W2165292984","https://openalex.org/W2187345651","https://openalex.org/W2234249418","https://openalex.org/W2570570792","https://openalex.org/W2576466618","https://openalex.org/W2591507295","https://openalex.org/W2616113093","https://openalex.org/W2754742141","https://openalex.org/W2778939421","https://openalex.org/W2897499554","https://openalex.org/W2944317107","https://openalex.org/W2955086695","https://openalex.org/W2965996887","https://openalex.org/W3000288772","https://openalex.org/W3035273195","https://openalex.org/W3161408842","https://openalex.org/W3196015220","https://openalex.org/W4210998993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135773186","https://openalex.org/W4372331444","https://openalex.org/W2946736072","https://openalex.org/W4415611464","https://openalex.org/W7132318067","https://openalex.org/W33446453","https://openalex.org/W7135928544","https://openalex.org/W7157183243","https://openalex.org/W7132493454","https://openalex.org/W2043526081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,74,87,134],"aim":[1],"of":[2,23,35,62,81,90,122,141,176,181,190],"the":[3,20,24,63,82,91,94,120,157,160,164,174,187,191],"current":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,65,96],"to":[7,18],"investigate":[8],"some":[9],"bioactive":[10],"compounds":[11],"from":[12,31,43,159],"Sambucus":[13,44,123,182],"nigra":[14,45,124,183],"L.":[15,46],"blossoms":[16,95,180],"and":[17,40,49,56,77,93,100,126,129,138,148,167],"evaluate":[19],"antioxidant":[21,60,136,188],"potential":[22,189],"obtained":[25],"extracts.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"study,":[29],"samples":[30],"four":[32,68],"different":[33,72],"regions":[34],"Bulgaria":[36],"/Rhodopes,":[37],"Plovdiv,":[38],"Strandzha":[39],"Dobrich":[41],"region/":[42],"were":[47,84,109,154],"collected":[48],"analyzed":[50],"for":[51],"total":[52,78,139],"phenols,":[53],"flavonoids,":[54],"sugars":[55],"amino":[57,114],"acids.":[58],"activity":[61,137],"extracts":[64,83],"evaluated":[66],"by":[67],"assays":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"mechanisms.":[73],"sweetness":[75,79],"index":[76,80],"also":[85],"evaluated.":[86],"carbohydrate":[88],"composition":[89,121],"leaves":[92],"determined,":[97],"with":[98],"glucose":[99],"fructose":[101],"predominating":[102],"in":[103,119,156,170,179],"both":[104],"cases,":[105],"as":[106],"their":[107],"contents":[108],"not":[110],"above":[111],"3%.":[112],"Nineteen":[113],"acids":[115,131],"have":[116],"been":[117],"identified":[118],"L.,":[125,184],"glutamic,":[127],"leucine":[128],"asparagine":[130],"are":[132],"predominant.":[133],"highest":[135],"content":[140],"phenols":[142],"(49.2":[143],"\u00b1":[144,151],"1":[145],"mg":[146],"GAE/g)":[147],"flavonols":[149],"(18.6":[150],"0.5":[152],"mgQE/g)":[153],"found":[155],"sample":[158],"Rhodope":[161],"region.":[162],"Therefore,":[163],"higher":[165],"altitude":[166],"lower":[168],"temperature":[169],"mountains":[171],"could":[172],"influence":[173],"accumulation":[175],"secondary":[177],"metabolites":[178],"which":[185],"improves":[186],"samples.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}
