{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224252207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","title":"Evaluation of Extension Device on Kubota Power Tiller for its Operational Maneuverability on Steep Terrain in Bhutan","display_name":"Evaluation of Extension Device on Kubota Power Tiller for its Operational Maneuverability on Steep Terrain in Bhutan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224252207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55925/btagr.22.5109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","pdf_url":"http://www.bja.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279840","display_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","issn_l":"2616-3926","issn":["2616-3926","2707-9821"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.bja.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/009.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016052185","display_name":"Ugyen Phuntsho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8201-6513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8201-6513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160307","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock","ror":"https://ror.org/0565tgh20","country_code":"BT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}],"countries":["BT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugyen Phuntsho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008792065","display_name":"Kinga Norbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160307","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock","ror":"https://ror.org/0565tgh20","country_code":"BT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}],"countries":["BT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinga Norbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054887579","display_name":"Pem Lham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160307","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock","ror":"https://ror.org/0565tgh20","country_code":"BT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}],"countries":["BT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pem Lham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Machinery Centre, Paro, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31526045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.19920000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12732","display_name":"Agriculture and Farm Safety","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-tiller","display_name":"power tiller","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheel-tread","display_name":"wheel tread","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-stability","display_name":"machine stability","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steep-terrain","display_name":"steep terrain","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-of-gravity","display_name":"center of gravity","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-wheels","display_name":"rubber wheels","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kubota","display_name":"Kubota","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-machinery-adoption","display_name":"farm machinery adoption","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mountain-agriculture","display_name":"mountain agriculture","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhutan","display_name":"Bhutan","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419334","display_name":"Tiller (botany)","level":2,"score":0.7567975521087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155296804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30329684","display_name":"Tread","level":3,"score":0.6077920794487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129727815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188209","display_name":"Axle","level":2,"score":0.5751199126243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5660613775253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180429540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11464","display_name":"Plough","level":2,"score":0.5651096105575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.540093719959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.5229405164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.506899893283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4495052099227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.43647706508636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779117054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406345","display_name":"Straddle","level":2,"score":0.41165125370025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3997560441493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36803942918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27006834745407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.19222715497016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17709872126579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1684715449810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15521422028541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14043909311294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07787126302719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55925/btagr.22.5109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","pdf_url":"http://www.bja.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279840","display_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","issn_l":"2616-3926","issn":["2616-3926","2707-9821"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55925/btagr.22.5109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55925/btagr.22.5109","pdf_url":"http://www.bja.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279840","display_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","issn_l":"2616-3926","issn":["2616-3926","2707-9821"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bhutanese Journal of Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224252207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224252207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527960843","https://openalex.org/W1992980685","https://openalex.org/W2752365289","https://openalex.org/W2794418805","https://openalex.org/W2898889908","https://openalex.org/W2951208028","https://openalex.org/W2981329421","https://openalex.org/W3013360969","https://openalex.org/W3127921900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2778194129","https://openalex.org/W1454042889","https://openalex.org/W187593012","https://openalex.org/W4232840222","https://openalex.org/W2509187633","https://openalex.org/W7119247614","https://openalex.org/W2014471347","https://openalex.org/W817218289","https://openalex.org/W4407555808","https://openalex.org/W7197284893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bhutanese":[0],"agriculture":[1],"has":[2,85],"been":[3,98],"at":[4],"the":[5,9,19,22,28,34,37,44,53,64,69,75,80,100,103,109,140,151,156,165,186,192,204,218,222,233,256,263,267,281,285,293],"subsistence":[6],"level":[7],"and":[8,88,118,161,182,207,236,262,274,284,303],"adoption":[10,54],"of":[11,21,27,39,47,55,74,82,102,155,272,295],"mechanization":[12],"started":[13],"only":[14,226],"in":[15,270,297],"late":[16],"1986":[17],"with":[18,71,130,135,198,203,221,239,259,266,312],"establishment":[20],"Agriculture":[23],"Machinery":[24],"Centre.":[25],"One":[26],"most":[29],"popular":[30],"farm":[31,56],"machines":[32],"is":[33,41,61,77,115,169],"power":[35,83,104,124],"tiller,":[36],"use":[38,81,101],"which":[40],"fast":[42],"replacing":[43],"old":[45],"tradition":[46],"land":[48,59,129,302,311],"preparation":[49,60],"using":[50,175],"oxen.":[51],"However,":[52],"machinery":[57],"for":[58,106,210],"limited":[62],"to":[63,92,138,149,163,172,184,229,245],"narrow":[65],"plain":[66],"areas":[67],"along":[68],"border":[70],"India.":[72],"Most":[73],"country":[76],"mountainous":[78],"where":[79],"tillers":[84,105,125],"become":[86],"unsafe":[87],"less":[89,116],"efficient":[90],"due":[91],"high":[93,299,313],"gradients.":[94],"Further,":[95],"farmers":[96,307],"have":[97],"stretching":[99],"ploughing":[107],"on":[108,128],"mountain":[110],"slopes":[111],"even":[112],"though":[113],"it":[114],"labour-efficient":[117],"involves":[119],"risk-taking.":[120],"In":[121],"many":[122],"cases,":[123],"are":[126],"used":[127],"gradients":[131],"exceeding":[132],"15":[133],"degrees":[134,231,247],"additional":[136],"labour":[137],"prevent":[139],"machine":[141,212],"from":[142],"toppling.":[143],"The":[144],"experiment":[145],"was":[146,180,215,225,250,278,289],"carried":[147],"out":[148],"determine":[150,164],"critical":[152,166],"safe":[153],"angle":[154,167],"sideways":[157],"tilt":[158],"while":[159],"ploughing,":[160],"also":[162],"that":[168,179,217],"practically":[170],"possible":[171],"increase":[173,185],"by":[174,291],"an":[176],"extension":[177,205,240,268,282],"device":[178,241,269,283],"designed":[181],"fabricated":[183],"wheel":[187,197,202,209,220,235,238,258,265],"tread.":[188],"This":[189,288],"research":[190],"compares":[191],"three":[193],"treatments,":[194],"i.e.,":[195],"rubber":[196,201,219,237,257,264],"normal":[199,223,260],"axle,":[200],"device,":[206],"paddy":[208,234,286],"required":[211],"stability.":[213],"It":[214],"observed":[216,279],"axle":[224,261],"feasible":[227,243],"up":[228,244],"9.93":[230],"slope,":[232],"were":[242],"20":[246],"slope.":[248],"There":[249],"a":[251,298],"significant":[252,276],"(P<0.05)":[253],"difference":[254,277],"between":[255,280],"terms":[271],"stability":[273],"no":[275],"wheel.":[287],"achieved":[290],"decreasing":[292],"centre":[294],"gravity":[296],"slope":[300],"gradient":[301,314],"this":[304],"could":[305],"help":[306],"bring":[308],"more":[309],"agricultural":[310],"into":[315],"meaningful":[316],"cultivation,":[317],"thereby,":[318],"enhancing":[319],"food":[320],"production.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}
