{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224251579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","title":"Effect of Slag on the Strength and Shrinkage Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers","display_name":"Effect of Slag on the Strength and Shrinkage Properties of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224251579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35454637","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9032675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15082944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2944/pdf?version=1650277153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4224251579"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2944/pdf?version=1650277153","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091285319","display_name":"Jianghuai Zhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghuai Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402174","display_name":"Hongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-8661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-8661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158119","display_name":"CCFEB Industrial Equipment Installation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xhh0z05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022485594","display_name":"Qun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5332-8103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5332-8103","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-259X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Construction Science and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Construction Science and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029499871","display_name":"Zhenyun Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744857","display_name":"Li Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-7090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-7090","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-8808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158119","display_name":"CCFEB Industrial Equipment Installation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xhh0z05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Changsha 410011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012166059","display_name":"Bo Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-5214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-5214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019309368","display_name":"North Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xjevr11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Energy Group, Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute, Ningxia Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 720021, China","School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Energy Group, Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute, Ningxia Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 720021, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012166059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019309368"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"fwci":3.0792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91634802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"2944","last_page":"2944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12152","display_name":"Concrete Properties and Behavior","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10353","display_name":"Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metakaolin-geopolymer","display_name":"metakaolin-based geopolymer","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slag","display_name":"slag","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-activated-materials","display_name":"alkali-activated materials","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrinkage","display_name":"shrinkage","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-stability","display_name":"volume stability","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/na2o-content","display_name":"Na2O content","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-content","display_name":"alkali content","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-materials","display_name":"aging materials","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-rate","display_name":"reaction rate","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126292034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291516","display_name":"Metakaolin","level":3,"score":0.9977969527244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26462","display_name":"Geopolymer","level":3,"score":0.8755447864532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8270590901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.8182823061943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.7432564496994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.6223954558372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844123","display_name":"Portland cement","level":3,"score":0.6035268306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5099421739578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.35036301612854004}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15082944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2944/pdf?version=1650277153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35454637","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35454637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9032675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9032675/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15082944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082944","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2944/pdf?version=1650277153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8367051186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAC03004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224251579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224251579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967450736","https://openalex.org/W1969311027","https://openalex.org/W1972135952","https://openalex.org/W1981989019","https://openalex.org/W1988146045","https://openalex.org/W1993602668","https://openalex.org/W2007275241","https://openalex.org/W2024082365","https://openalex.org/W2035156781","https://openalex.org/W2043545807","https://openalex.org/W2054628321","https://openalex.org/W2060623112","https://openalex.org/W2072466439","https://openalex.org/W2085259349","https://openalex.org/W2086298788","https://openalex.org/W2093985461","https://openalex.org/W2102943129","https://openalex.org/W2114711884","https://openalex.org/W2117178859","https://openalex.org/W2145859218","https://openalex.org/W2164442246","https://openalex.org/W2339303213","https://openalex.org/W2365044384","https://openalex.org/W2367599884","https://openalex.org/W2370326889","https://openalex.org/W2381151668","https://openalex.org/W2461463427","https://openalex.org/W2466453070","https://openalex.org/W2478908335","https://openalex.org/W2497045014","https://openalex.org/W2557977941","https://openalex.org/W2584483671","https://openalex.org/W2737201005","https://openalex.org/W2776580401","https://openalex.org/W2800836788","https://openalex.org/W2937838618","https://openalex.org/W2944051653","https://openalex.org/W2963441083","https://openalex.org/W2976847922","https://openalex.org/W3136393519","https://openalex.org/W3157350752","https://openalex.org/W3216104509","https://openalex.org/W4200329317","https://openalex.org/W4210729395","https://openalex.org/W4220812673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367599884","https://openalex.org/W4300913691","https://openalex.org/W6920464788","https://openalex.org/W7160119091","https://openalex.org/W4390475251","https://openalex.org/W2976719514","https://openalex.org/W4390475128","https://openalex.org/W4383901094","https://openalex.org/W4407394222","https://openalex.org/W4390228012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metakaolin-based":[0],"geopolymers":[1,22,110,142,172],"possess":[2],"excellent":[3],"corrosion":[4],"and":[5,44,54,71,132,152,181],"high-temperature":[6],"resistance,":[7],"which":[8,144],"are":[9],"advantageous":[10],"compared":[11],"to":[12,27,59],"ordinary":[13],"Portland":[14],"cement.":[15],"The":[16],"addition":[17],"of":[18,38,47,62,76,82,95,107,115,126,139,157,165,169,186],"slag":[19,39,52,93,113,131],"in":[20,177],"metakaolin-based":[21,48,64,89,141,171],"is":[23],"a":[24,78,88,92,112,123],"promising":[25],"approach":[26],"improve":[28],"their":[29,68],"mechanical":[30],"properties.":[31],"Thus,":[32],"this":[33,161],"study":[34,164],"investigated":[35],"the":[36,42,51,60,99,104,108,130,136,140,147,150,154,158,166,183],"effect":[37],"content":[40,53,56,94,101,114,125],"on":[41],"strength":[43,70,81,106],"shrinkage":[45],"properties":[46],"geopolymers.":[49,187],"Increasing":[50],"Na2O":[55,100,124],"was":[57,85,102,117],"beneficial":[58],"reaction":[61,137],"alkali-activated":[63,170],"geopolymers,":[65],"thereby":[66],"improving":[67],"compressive":[69,80,105],"density.":[72],"After":[73],"56":[74],"days":[75],"aging,":[77],"maximum":[79],"86.1":[83],"MPa":[84],"achieved":[86],"for":[87],"geopolymer":[90],"with":[91,111,122],"50":[96],"mass%.":[97],"When":[98],"12%,":[103],"metakaolin":[109],"30%":[116],"42.36%":[118],"higher":[119],"than":[120],"those":[121],"8%.":[127],"However,":[128],"as":[129],"alkali":[133],"contents":[134],"increased,":[135,143],"rate":[138],"significantly":[145],"decreased":[146,153],"porosity,":[148],"increased":[149],"shrinkage,":[151],"volumetric":[155],"stability":[156,168],"system.":[159],"In":[160],"paper,":[162],"in-depth":[163],"volume":[167],"plays":[173],"an":[174],"important":[175],"role":[176],"further":[178],"understanding,":[179],"controlling,":[180],"utilizing":[182],"deformation":[184],"behavior":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-04-26T00:00:00"}