{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223639733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833","title":"Incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets/hydroxyapatite in PMMA bone cement for characterization and enhanced mechanical properties of biopolymer composites","display_name":"Incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets/hydroxyapatite in PMMA bone cement for characterization and enhanced mechanical properties of biopolymer composites","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223639733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/08927057221086833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159246406","display_name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","issn_l":"0892-7057","issn":["0892-7057","1530-7980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036028795","display_name":"Umang Dubey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2334-0739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2334-0739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799532815","display_name":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1w2j35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umang Dubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089098626","display_name":"Shivi Kesarwani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-1254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-1254"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799532815","display_name":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1w2j35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivi Kesarwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-1254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012417018","display_name":"Rajesh Kumar Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799532815","display_name":"Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1w2j35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Kumar Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012417018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799532815"],"apc_list":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83602676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"1978","last_page":"2008"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.03460000082850456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-nanoplatelets","display_name":"graphene nanoplatelets","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyapatite","display_name":"hydroxyapatite","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmma-bone-cement","display_name":"PMMA bone cement","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-nanocomposites","display_name":"polymer nanocomposites","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractography","display_name":"fractography","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthopedic-implants","display_name":"orthopedic implants","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-replacement","display_name":"joint replacement","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-dispersion","display_name":"nanoparticle dispersion","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9278392195701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.774662435054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.7715103030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.7516525983810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649","display_name":"Biopolymer","level":3,"score":0.5280480980873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C809718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459047","display_name":"Flexural modulus","level":3,"score":0.51655113697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778891590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777319","display_name":"Bone cement","level":3,"score":0.5035156607627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.47136393189430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.4575982689857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.45045948028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7055690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900639","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","level":3,"score":0.42345455288887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.41965237259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.408985435962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11797383427619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08170929551124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/08927057221086833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221086833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159246406","display_name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","issn_l":"0892-7057","issn":["0892-7057","1530-7980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329266","display_name":"Ministry of Textiles, Government of India","ror":"https://ror.org/036h6g940"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5210958","https://openalex.org/W84903341","https://openalex.org/W119814413","https://openalex.org/W220935706","https://openalex.org/W405061009","https://openalex.org/W1963919606","https://openalex.org/W1967089589","https://openalex.org/W1971705951","https://openalex.org/W1972765451","https://openalex.org/W1986428572","https://openalex.org/W1986868126","https://openalex.org/W1988066656","https://openalex.org/W1988779265","https://openalex.org/W1994503413","https://openalex.org/W1997246523","https://openalex.org/W1997450801","https://openalex.org/W2013028595","https://openalex.org/W2018176345","https://openalex.org/W2027488197","https://openalex.org/W2028302096","https://openalex.org/W2031097077","https://openalex.org/W2048406719","https://openalex.org/W2048474248","https://openalex.org/W2051194065","https://openalex.org/W2051239218","https://openalex.org/W2052547241","https://openalex.org/W2053027041","https://openalex.org/W2057823381","https://openalex.org/W2060450220","https://openalex.org/W2062242086","https://openalex.org/W2076591258","https://openalex.org/W2082622293","https://openalex.org/W2084655133","https://openalex.org/W2085782463","https://openalex.org/W2089364555","https://openalex.org/W2112793450","https://openalex.org/W2125685904","https://openalex.org/W2146224837","https://openalex.org/W2157085460","https://openalex.org/W2200808055","https://openalex.org/W2288312232","https://openalex.org/W2322641051","https://openalex.org/W2323458173","https://openalex.org/W2334554788","https://openalex.org/W2337584310","https://openalex.org/W2419367623","https://openalex.org/W2512456794","https://openalex.org/W2564057920","https://openalex.org/W2590200366","https://openalex.org/W2593834410","https://openalex.org/W2603134282","https://openalex.org/W2769660824","https://openalex.org/W2789933399","https://openalex.org/W2793948633","https://openalex.org/W2804853302","https://openalex.org/W2888554592","https://openalex.org/W2897525783","https://openalex.org/W2899467562","https://openalex.org/W2904379423","https://openalex.org/W2939168326","https://openalex.org/W2939349352","https://openalex.org/W2941104343","https://openalex.org/W2943653554","https://openalex.org/W2946469634","https://openalex.org/W2946846868","https://openalex.org/W2954500486","https://openalex.org/W2972919643","https://openalex.org/W2982704831","https://openalex.org/W2990205144","https://openalex.org/W2990481465","https://openalex.org/W3004129169","https://openalex.org/W3004392174","https://openalex.org/W3011770981","https://openalex.org/W3012099835","https://openalex.org/W3112625493","https://openalex.org/W3124203818","https://openalex.org/W3137575611","https://openalex.org/W4206288751","https://openalex.org/W4236123178","https://openalex.org/W4242016424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358880141","https://openalex.org/W4239345250","https://openalex.org/W2033356688","https://openalex.org/W2629240532","https://openalex.org/W2132097729","https://openalex.org/W4386982291","https://openalex.org/W1989987034","https://openalex.org/W2322361995","https://openalex.org/W1537428095","https://openalex.org/W4310465892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymethylmethacrylate":[0],"(PMMA)":[1],"in":[2,11,90,173],"powder":[3,84],"form":[4],"is":[5,31],"broadly":[6],"used":[7],"as":[8],"bone":[9,64,87],"cement":[10,65,88],"orthopedic":[12,212],"applications":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,52,61,82,133],"its":[16],"expanded":[17],"mechanical,":[18],"physical,":[19],"and":[20,40,79,108,129,149,162,171,211],"chemical":[21],"properties.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"study,":[25],"a":[26],"hybrid":[27],"PMMA":[28,86,175],"biopolymer":[29],"nanocomposite":[30,115,197],"developed":[32],"by":[33,96,101,106,112],"the":[34,83,91,98,103,109,135,146,153,159,174,177,185,189,195,200,203],"supplement":[35],"of":[36,44,67,76,85,93,137,145,156,169,188,194,202],"graphene":[37],"nanoplatelets":[38],"(GnP)":[39],"hydroxyapatite":[41],"(HA)":[42],"powders":[43],"nano-size":[45],"with":[46],"combined":[47,77],"loadings":[48],"ranging":[49],"from":[50],"0.5":[51],"2.5":[53],"weight":[54],"%.":[55],"Both":[56],"materials":[57],"were":[58],"applied":[59],"uniformly":[60],"reinforce":[62],"commercial":[63],"made":[66],"polymethylmethacrylate.":[68],"The":[69,114,167],"findings":[70,187],"showed":[71],"that":[72],"adding":[73],"1.5":[74],"wt.%":[75],"HA":[78,172],"GnP":[80,170],"nanoparticles":[81],"resulted":[89],"expansion":[92],"flexural":[94,99],"strength":[95,105],"49.28%,":[97],"modulus":[100,111],"30.80%,":[102],"compression":[104,110],"31.7%,":[107],"57.41%.":[113],"was":[116],"characterized":[117],"using":[118],"Energy":[119],"Dispersive":[120],"X-Ray":[121],"Analysis":[122],"(EDS),":[123],"Fourier":[124],"transforms":[125],"infrared":[126],"(FTIR)":[127],"spectroscopy,":[128],"X-ray":[130],"diffraction":[131],"(XRD)":[132],"study":[134],"distribution":[136],"reinforced":[138],"nanoparticles.":[139],"Scanning":[140],"Electron":[141],"Microscopy":[142],"(SEM)":[143],"analysis":[144],"prepared":[147],"samples":[148,198],"fractured":[150],"surface":[151,193],"shows":[152],"proper":[154],"dispersion":[155],"nanofillers":[157],"into":[158],"matrix":[160],"phase":[161],"possible":[163],"reasons":[164],"behind":[165],"fracture.":[166],"inclusion":[168],"enhances":[176],"mechanical":[178],"performances":[179],"required":[180],"for":[181,206],"biomedical":[182],"components.":[183],"Also,":[184],"SEM":[186],"mechanically":[190],"tested":[191],"broken":[192],"polymer":[196],"demonstrated":[199],"feasibility":[201],"proposed":[204],"material":[205],"joint":[207],"replacement":[208],"surgical":[209],"procedures":[210],"implants.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
