{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223607204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","title":"The Construction of Masculinity Identities through Metaphors on the Kenyan Twitter Discourse: A Conceptual Metaphor Perspective","display_name":"The Construction of Masculinity Identities through Metaphors on the Kenyan Twitter Discourse: A Conceptual Metaphor Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223607204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","pdf_url":"http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/ijird_ojs/article/download/168383/115232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197762","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","issn_l":"2278-0211","issn":["2278-0211","2278-7631"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/ijird_ojs/article/download/168383/115232","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005934822","display_name":"Stella Nyanjugu Gichohi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11855966","display_name":"Diponegoro University","ror":"https://ror.org/056bjta22","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stella Nyanjugu Gichohi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post Graduate Scholar , Department of Linguistics , Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) , Indonesia","Department of Linguistics, Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Graduate Scholar , Department of Linguistics , Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) , Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087748574","display_name":"Deli Nirmala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-3225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-3225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11855966","display_name":"Diponegoro University","ror":"https://ror.org/056bjta22","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deli Nirmala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head, Department of Linguistics , Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) , Indonesia","Department of Linguistics, Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head, Department of Linguistics , Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) , Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11855966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.969,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7660744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.482699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.482699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11888","display_name":"Gender Roles and Identity Studies","score":0.16539999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.14669999480247498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-masculinity","display_name":"toxic masculinity","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-metaphor","display_name":"conceptual metaphor","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twitter-discourse","display_name":"Twitter discourse","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hegemonic-masculinity","display_name":"hegemonic masculinity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patriarchy","display_name":"patriarchy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076509","display_name":"Masculinity","level":2,"score":0.9202495217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777057682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5698395","display_name":"Hegemonic masculinity","level":3,"score":0.6991804242134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.681787371635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.6756625771522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.6551098227500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.6524912118911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5986607670783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5182778239250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181339","display_name":"Patriarchy","level":2,"score":0.4575068950653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4390374422073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15368491411209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.1367751657962799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.08466902375221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06980201601982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","pdf_url":"http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/ijird_ojs/article/download/168383/115232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197762","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","issn_l":"2278-0211","issn":["2278-0211","2278-7631"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i1/jan22043","pdf_url":"http://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/ijird_ojs/article/download/168383/115232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197762","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","issn_l":"2278-0211","issn":["2278-0211","2278-7631"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223607204.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223607204.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409292551","https://openalex.org/W4220913853","https://openalex.org/W3188394409","https://openalex.org/W4399179142","https://openalex.org/W7020911210","https://openalex.org/W7038601202","https://openalex.org/W7223180144","https://openalex.org/W7221421640","https://openalex.org/W7220162026","https://openalex.org/W4402938051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identities":[0,7],"have":[1,11,38,54,133,198,219],"been":[2,135,199],"created":[3],"in":[4,13,61,97,120,122,221,235],"many":[5],"ways.":[6],"such":[8,16,34],"as":[9,17,22,24,35,194,201,247],"masculinity":[10,60,119,186],"appeared":[12],"mainstream":[14],"media":[15],"newspapers,":[18],"televisions,":[19],"radio":[20],"stations":[21],"well":[23],"magazines.":[25],"With":[26],"the":[27,41,56,76,84,92,107,112,150,188,195],"global":[28],"technological":[29],"trend,":[30],"social":[31,51],"networking":[32,52],"sites":[33,53],"Twitter":[36,78,109,189],"platforms":[37],"also":[39,134,215],"allowed":[40],"construction":[42],"of":[43,58,94,116,184,257],"male":[44,258],"and":[45,91,114,118,130,142,156,159,171,175,208,225,254],"masculine":[46],"identities.":[47],"These":[48],"identities":[49],"on":[50,75,106,187],"seen":[55,217,246],"rise":[57],"toxic":[59,68,185,240],"Kenya.":[62,98],"This":[63,99,242],"paper":[64],"studies":[65],"how":[66],"these":[67],"masculinities":[69],"are":[70],"constructed":[71],"through":[72],"metaphorical":[73],"expressions":[74],"Kenyan":[77,108,212],"discourse.":[79],"The":[80,126,145,180,211],"study":[81,146,181],"comes":[82],"from":[83,168,177],"recent":[85],"heightened":[86],"calls":[87],"for":[88],"gender":[89,224],"equality":[90],"advancement":[93],"feminism":[95],"waves":[96],"has":[100],"led":[101],"to":[102,124,138,140,218,223,230,238,250,252],"a":[103,248,255],"weekly":[104,233],"discussion":[105],"platform":[110],"about":[111],"role":[113],"position":[115],"men":[117,193,228],"general":[121],"comparison":[123],"women.":[125],"terms":[127],"boy":[128],"child":[129,132],"girl":[131],"used":[136],"commonly":[137],"refer":[139],"males":[141],"females":[143],"respectively.":[144],"is":[147],"premised":[148],"upon":[149],"Conceptual":[151],"Metaphor":[152],"Theory":[153],"by":[154,162],"Lakoff":[155],"Johnson":[157],"(2003)":[158],"Hegemonic":[160],"Masculinity":[161],"Connell":[163],"(2005)":[164],"Data":[165],"was":[166,216],"collected":[167],"#Masculinity":[169],"Saturday":[170],"#Man":[172],"Day":[173],"Tweets":[174],"replies":[176],"selected":[178],"users.":[179],"provides":[182],"evidence":[183],"platform.":[190],"It":[191],"revealed":[192],"target":[196],"domain":[197],"conceptualised":[200],"stoic,":[202],"dominant,":[203],"entities,":[204],"managers,":[205],"savages,":[206],"self-victimizers,":[207],"scarce":[209],"commodities.":[210],"twitter":[213],"discourse":[214],"diversity":[220],"regards":[222],"age.":[226],"However,":[227],"seem":[229],"be":[231,245],"dominating":[232],"tweets":[234],"an":[236],"attempt":[237],"promote":[239],"masculinity.":[241],"can":[243],"only":[244],"way":[249],"regress":[251],"patriarchy":[253],"world":[256],"domination.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-04-15T00:00:00"}