{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223553802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","title":"Interaction between serum vitamin C levels and smoking on the periodontal condition in older adults","display_name":"Interaction between serum vitamin C levels and smoking on the periodontal condition in older adults","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223553802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35415888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jre.12988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195000414","display_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","issn_l":"0022-3484","issn":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056005488","display_name":"Akihiro Yoshihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-8228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-8228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akihiro Yoshihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-8228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019001104","display_name":"Keisuke Nakashima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-8122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-8122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200314755","display_name":"Kyushu Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bwzch55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200314755"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Nakashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-8122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200314755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079703823","display_name":"Kana Suwama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-8448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-8448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kana Suwama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-8448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030496380","display_name":"Ayuko Odajima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-7887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-7887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayuko Odajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-7887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034603266","display_name":"Takayuki Yamaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-8906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-8906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90960554","display_name":"Matsumoto Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/041jyt122","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90960554"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Yamaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-8906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90960554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068689571","display_name":"Hiroshi Ogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056005488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"],"apc_list":{"value":4300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71148638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"587","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-vitamin-c-levels","display_name":"serum vitamin C","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-disease","display_name":"periodontal disease","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotinine","display_name":"cotinine","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probing-depth","display_name":"probing depth","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-attachment-level","display_name":"clinical attachment level","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-status","display_name":"nutritional status","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8720461130142212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421177","display_name":"Cotinine","level":3,"score":0.7623648047447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.524575412273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665967","display_name":"Interdental consonant","level":2,"score":0.5046490430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.47772738337516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.46619075536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.4648866355419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.46446651220321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780022331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Vitamin C","level":2,"score":0.43004193902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.4124515652656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.411257266998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3404948115348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.12504172325134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09406563639640808}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010510","descriptor_name":"Periodontal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jre.12988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195000414","display_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","issn_l":"0022-3484","issn":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35415888","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35415888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of periodontal research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1528002013","display_name":"Effect of alcohol consumption on periodontal disease and comprehensive environmental factors including other nutrients","funder_award_id":"17K17367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8868309351","display_name":"\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u524d\u5411\u304d\u8abf\u67fb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u6442\u53d6\u3068\u6b6f\u79d1\u75be\u60a3\u30fb\u53e3\u8154\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u89e3\u660e","funder_award_id":"22K17286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4638142","https://openalex.org/W101968958","https://openalex.org/W1494939326","https://openalex.org/W1506826515","https://openalex.org/W1517556629","https://openalex.org/W1972465718","https://openalex.org/W1983813244","https://openalex.org/W1994893732","https://openalex.org/W2032322260","https://openalex.org/W2047116501","https://openalex.org/W2055678921","https://openalex.org/W2063379558","https://openalex.org/W2066849302","https://openalex.org/W2079849793","https://openalex.org/W2100780724","https://openalex.org/W2110310285","https://openalex.org/W2113874493","https://openalex.org/W2119342496","https://openalex.org/W2121831095","https://openalex.org/W2141413114","https://openalex.org/W2157196979","https://openalex.org/W2168809993","https://openalex.org/W2405492410","https://openalex.org/W2613623169","https://openalex.org/W2621961740","https://openalex.org/W2761982414","https://openalex.org/W2793869907","https://openalex.org/W2948167187","https://openalex.org/W4245857125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972465718","https://openalex.org/W7098649618","https://openalex.org/W2169558076","https://openalex.org/W3196996340","https://openalex.org/W2141413114","https://openalex.org/W2033735921","https://openalex.org/W2621961740","https://openalex.org/W1753911427","https://openalex.org/W3092424836","https://openalex.org/W1548722737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1,67],"OBJECTIVES:":[2],"Several":[3],"epidemiological":[4],"studies":[5],"have":[6,10],"reported":[7],"that":[8,23],"smokers":[9],"a":[11,33,104,135,154,264,310],"higher":[12],"prevalence":[13,185],"and":[14,22,29,54,56,78,112,131,142,238,317],"severity":[15],"of":[16,36,71,88,96,106,120,149,208,232,241,249,279,306],"periodontal":[17,61,86,190,319],"disease":[18],"than":[19],"do":[20],"nonsmokers,":[21],"smoking":[24,55,326],"negatively":[25],"affects":[26],"nutritional":[27],"status":[28,87],"is":[30],"associated":[31],"with":[32,183,215,272,292],"reduced":[34],"intake":[35],"antioxidants,":[37],"particularly":[38],"vitamin":[39,51,140,180,210,250,314],"C.":[40],"The":[41,85,277,304],"present":[42,83],"investigation":[43],"aimed":[44],"to":[45,134,137,168,178],"examine":[46],"the":[47,60,75,82,89,107,128,162,184,206,230,239,247,254,270,280,284,295,318],"relationship":[48],"between":[49,213,246,313],"serum":[50,139,146,169,198,209,223,274,286,297],"C":[52,141,181,211,251,315],"levels":[53,182,225,316],"its":[57],"influence":[58],"on":[59,197],"condition":[62,191],"in":[63,81,205,269,283,294],"older":[64],"adults.":[65],"MATERIALS":[66],"METHODS:":[68],"A":[69,145,243],"total":[70],"353":[72],"respondents":[73],"met":[74],"inclusion":[76],"criteria":[77],"were":[79,125],"enrolled":[80],"study.":[84],"study":[90,308],"participants":[91,163,214],"was":[92,152,175,258,267,289],"determined":[93],"through":[94],"examinations":[95,130],"one":[97],"or":[98,219,235,256],"more":[99],"residual":[100],"teeth,":[101],"which":[102,321],"included":[103],"measurement":[105],"probing":[108],"pocket":[109],"depth":[110],"(PPD)":[111],"clinical":[113],"attachment":[114],"level":[115],"(CAL)":[116],"at":[117],"six":[118],"regions":[119],"each":[121,194],"tooth.":[122],"Blood":[123],"samples":[124],"collected":[126],"during":[127],"dental":[129,236],"then":[132],"sent":[133],"laboratory":[136],"evaluate":[138],"cotinine":[143,147,170,199,224,275,287,298],"levels.":[144,200,276],"concentration":[148],"100":[150],"ng/ml":[151],"considered":[153],"relevant":[155],"threshold":[156],"for":[157,189,193,228,253,260],"active":[158],"smoking.":[159],"After":[160],"dividing":[161],"into":[164],"two":[165],"groups":[166],"according":[167],"levels,":[171],"Poisson":[172],"regression":[173],"analysis":[174],"carried":[176],"out":[177],"compare":[179],"rate":[186],"ratio":[187],"(PRR)":[188],"markers":[192],"group":[195,271,288,299],"based":[196],"RESULTS:":[201],"We":[202],"evaluated":[203],"differences":[204],"PRR":[207,248,278],"tertiles":[212,252,282],"high":[216,273,285],"(\u2265100":[217],"ng/ml)":[218,222],"low":[220,296],"(<100":[221],"after":[226],"adjusting":[227],"sex,":[229],"use":[231],"interdental":[233],"brushes":[234],"floss,":[237],"number":[240],"teeth.":[242],"negative":[244],"tendency":[245],"PPD":[255],"CAL":[257],"seen":[259],"both":[261],"groups.":[262],"Especially,":[263],"bigger":[265],"difference":[266],"observed":[268],"first":[281],"5.03,":[290],"compared":[291],"2.69":[293],"(relative":[300],"risk:":[301],"1.9).":[302],"CONCLUSION:":[303],"results":[305],"this":[307],"suggest":[309],"potential":[311],"association":[312],"condition,":[320],"may":[322],"be":[323],"influenced":[324],"by":[325],"status.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-04-15T00:00:00"}