{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223492843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","title":"X-ray Dating of a Turin Shroud\u2019s Linen Sample","display_name":"X-ray Dating of a Turin Shroud\u2019s Linen Sample","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223492843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/heritage5020047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/5/2/47/pdf?version=1649675222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234514","display_name":"Heritage","issn_l":"2571-9408","issn":["2571-9408"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heritage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/5/2/47/pdf?version=1649675222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109158511","display_name":"Liberato De","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-6178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-6178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166808","display_name":"Institute of Crystallography","ror":"https://ror.org/05wba8r86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liberato De Caro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7927-6178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042951465","display_name":"Teresa Sibillano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-1436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-1436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166808","display_name":"Institute of Crystallography","ror":"https://ror.org/05wba8r86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Sibillano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-1436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032469671","display_name":"Rocco Lassandro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166808","display_name":"Institute of Crystallography","ror":"https://ror.org/05wba8r86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocco Lassandro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002943324","display_name":"Cinzia Giannini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-2885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-2885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166808","display_name":"Institute of Crystallography","ror":"https://ror.org/05wba8r86","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cinzia Giannini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-2885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC\u2013CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085350947","display_name":"Giulio Fanti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Fanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Gradenigo 6/a, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Gradenigo 6/a, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109158511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166808"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":9.6448,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97116112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"860","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11594","display_name":"Tree-ring climate responses","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shroud-of-turin","display_name":"Shroud of Turin","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-angle-x-ray-scattering","display_name":"wide-angle X-ray scattering","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose-degradation","display_name":"cellulose degradation","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storage-temperature-and-humidity","display_name":"storage temperature and humidity","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100134115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173412","display_name":"Radiocarbon dating","level":2,"score":0.8859541416168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.5509419441223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5383895635604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365316","display_name":"Shroud","level":2,"score":0.47530683875083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186857363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188055","display_name":"Siege","level":2,"score":0.46072128415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4479118585586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.399893581867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.35900548100471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2595847249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19655480980873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/heritage5020047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/5/2/47/pdf?version=1649675222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234514","display_name":"Heritage","issn_l":"2571-9408","issn":["2571-9408"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heritage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1813cf7552f548c58163e095e99446be","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1813cf7552f548c58163e095e99446be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heritage, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 860-870 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:it.cnr:prodotti:467173","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cnr.it/prodotto/i/467173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055101","display_name":"CNR ExploRA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:De Caro L.; Sibillano T.; Lassandro R.; Giannini C.; Fanti G./titolo:X-ray Dating of a Turin Shroud's Linen Sample/doi:10.3390%2Fheritage5020047/rivista:Heritage (Basel) Online/anno:2022/pagina_da:860/pagina_a:870/intervallo_pagine:860\u2013870/volume:5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3454836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3454836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/heritage5020047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/5/2/47/pdf?version=1649675222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234514","display_name":"Heritage","issn_l":"2571-9408","issn":["2571-9408"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heritage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223492843.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4223492843.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998001874","https://openalex.org/W1998268672","https://openalex.org/W2015371771","https://openalex.org/W2028267880","https://openalex.org/W2032767816","https://openalex.org/W2039487453","https://openalex.org/W2040393968","https://openalex.org/W2047794059","https://openalex.org/W2054961960","https://openalex.org/W2075918095","https://openalex.org/W2156755444","https://openalex.org/W2171315724","https://openalex.org/W2204845167","https://openalex.org/W2228354858","https://openalex.org/W2290541902","https://openalex.org/W2922781333","https://openalex.org/W2989486019","https://openalex.org/W4231508638","https://openalex.org/W4233444571","https://openalex.org/W4254974566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298005792","https://openalex.org/W2989486019","https://openalex.org/W2204845167","https://openalex.org/W2171315724","https://openalex.org/W1998268672","https://openalex.org/W2028267880","https://openalex.org/W7127695735","https://openalex.org/W7140736997","https://openalex.org/W7154855710","https://openalex.org/W2182204947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"a":[1,10,37,44,105,171,240],"sample":[2,38,76,107],"of":[3,25,39,43,49,54,62,73,118,123,126,133,189,199,208,221,237],"the":[4,40,50,55,59,63,67,74,92,100,127,131,134,143,150,155,165,168,180,205,215,222,226,247,252],"Turin":[5],"Shroud":[6],"(TS),":[7],"we":[8],"applied":[9,35],"new":[11],"method":[12,33],"for":[13,91],"dating":[14,32],"ancient":[15],"linen":[16,75,106,132],"threads":[17],"by":[18,23,138,154,176],"inspecting":[19],"their":[20],"structural":[21],"degradation":[22],"means":[24],"Wide-Angle":[26],"X-ray":[27,31,139],"Scattering":[28],"(WAXS).":[29],"The":[30,71,121,159],"was":[34,77,184],"to":[36,58,111,204,246],"TS":[41,56,93,144,169,227],"consisting":[42],"thread":[45],"taken":[46],"in":[47,202,211],"proximity":[48],"1988/radiocarbon":[51],"area":[52,61],"(corner":[53],"corresponding":[57],"feet":[60],"frontal":[64],"image,":[65],"near":[66],"so-called":[68],"Raes":[69],"sample).":[70],"size":[72],"about":[78],"0.5":[79],"mm":[80],"\u00d7":[81],"1":[82],"mm.":[83],"We":[84],"obtained":[85,103,137],"one-dimensional":[86],"integrated":[87],"WAXS":[88],"data":[89],"profiles":[90],"sample,":[94,136],"which":[95],"were":[96],"fully":[97],"compatible":[98,163,218],"with":[99,164,219],"analogous":[101],"measurements":[102],"on":[104,251],"whose":[108],"dating,":[109],"according":[110],"historical":[112],"records,":[113],"is":[114,146,170],"55\u201374":[115],"AD,":[116],"Siege":[117],"Masada":[119],"(Israel).":[120],"degree":[122],"natural":[124],"aging":[125],"cellulose":[128],"that":[129,142,167,182,220],"constitutes":[130],"investigated":[135],"analysis,":[140],"showed":[141],"fabric":[145],"much":[147],"older":[148],"than":[149],"seven":[151,206,235],"centuries":[152,198,207,236],"proposed":[153],"1988":[156,223],"radiocarbon":[157,224],"dating.":[158],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"are":[162],"hypothesis":[166],"2000-year-old":[172],"relic,":[173],"as":[174],"supposed":[175],"Christian":[177],"tradition,":[178],"under":[179],"condition":[181],"it":[183],"kept":[185],"at":[186,239],"suitable":[187],"levels":[188],"average":[190],"secular":[191,241],"temperature\u201420.0\u201322.5":[192],"\u00b0C\u2014and":[193],"correlated":[194],"relative":[195],"humidity\u201475\u201355%\u2014for":[196],"13":[197],"unknown":[200],"history,":[201],"addition":[203],"known":[209],"history":[210],"Europe.":[212],"To":[213],"make":[214],"present":[216],"result":[217],"test,":[225],"should":[228],"have":[229],"been":[230],"conserved":[231],"during":[232],"its":[233],"hypothetical":[234],"life":[238],"room":[242],"temperature":[243],"very":[244],"close":[245],"maximum":[248],"values":[249],"registered":[250],"earth.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-04-15T00:00:00"}
