{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223490112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","title":"Socio-economic dynamism and the expansion of child kidnapping for ransom in Nigeria","display_name":"Socio-economic dynamism and the expansion of child kidnapping for ransom in Nigeria","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223490112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046005642","display_name":"Paul Oluwatosin Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-8365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-8365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Oluwatosin Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corrections Management, School of Criminal Justice Studies, College of Law, University of South Africa (Unisa)","Corrections Management, School of Criminal Justice Studies, College of Law, University of South Africa (Unisa), Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrections Management, School of Criminal Justice Studies, College of Law, University of South Africa (Unisa)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corrections Management, School of Criminal Justice Studies, College of Law, University of South Africa (Unisa), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046005642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"fwci":2.1657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87130472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14111","display_name":"Diverse Research Studies Overview","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14111","display_name":"Diverse Research Studies Overview","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomie-theory","display_name":"anomie theory","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emile-durkheim","display_name":"\u00c9mile Durkheim","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merton","display_name":"Merton","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminality","display_name":"criminality","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-countermeasures","display_name":"government countermeasures","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414572","display_name":"Ransom","level":2,"score":0.9629949927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60525332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17930","display_name":"Anomie","level":2,"score":0.7902547717094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.7148619294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6308152675628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.503924548625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.49906444549560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4676482379436493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4418856203556061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4229060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831725","display_name":"Structural functionalism","level":2,"score":0.4408162236213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357355","display_name":"Economic collapse","level":3,"score":0.4233928322792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3714676797389984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3686482906341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3622846007347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3399617671966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2505943775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.20445466041564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19b998bf1d164a1da42e7dc5e7e13dd3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19b998bf1d164a1da42e7dc5e7e13dd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2061686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486836426","https://openalex.org/W1566873801","https://openalex.org/W1964403927","https://openalex.org/W1972588353","https://openalex.org/W2028819632","https://openalex.org/W2033422011","https://openalex.org/W2050816423","https://openalex.org/W2057933148","https://openalex.org/W2076202033","https://openalex.org/W2078132338","https://openalex.org/W2106748456","https://openalex.org/W2127223596","https://openalex.org/W2129715735","https://openalex.org/W2167231552","https://openalex.org/W2183479631","https://openalex.org/W2184064101","https://openalex.org/W2184268256","https://openalex.org/W2256737309","https://openalex.org/W2314807875","https://openalex.org/W2317284651","https://openalex.org/W2335157529","https://openalex.org/W2337984294","https://openalex.org/W2398157629","https://openalex.org/W2476830994","https://openalex.org/W2582654955","https://openalex.org/W2586875929","https://openalex.org/W2620927791","https://openalex.org/W2696613653","https://openalex.org/W2773094320","https://openalex.org/W2901436851","https://openalex.org/W2944761653","https://openalex.org/W2949574554","https://openalex.org/W2954629154","https://openalex.org/W2973359332","https://openalex.org/W3013456388","https://openalex.org/W3021314177","https://openalex.org/W3105390607","https://openalex.org/W3161884969","https://openalex.org/W3186541649","https://openalex.org/W3204177051","https://openalex.org/W4234789913","https://openalex.org/W4243036193","https://openalex.org/W4298825260","https://openalex.org/W4299736277","https://openalex.org/W6629121940","https://openalex.org/W6637324320","https://openalex.org/W6686374462","https://openalex.org/W6992149891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386215887","https://openalex.org/W4392958619","https://openalex.org/W2809964095","https://openalex.org/W7217717030","https://openalex.org/W7134315755","https://openalex.org/W7220587811","https://openalex.org/W7161136884","https://openalex.org/W2790600087","https://openalex.org/W6892491057","https://openalex.org/W7204565468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generally,":[0],"kidnapping":[1,56],"of":[2,33,38,54,68,81,103],"children":[3],"for":[4],"ransom":[5],"is":[6,12],"a":[7],"global":[8],"menace":[9,113],"and":[10,36,63,101],"Nigeria":[11],"not":[13,26],"an":[14],"exception.":[15],"Measures":[16],"adopted":[17],"by":[18,114],"the":[19,23,31,44,47,52,78,82,94,99,112,115],"State":[20,116],"to":[21],"combat":[22],"scourge":[24],"have":[25],"really":[27],"been":[28],"effective.":[29],"From":[30],"compilation":[32],"journal":[34],"articles":[35],"corpus":[37],"media":[39],"reports,":[40],"this":[41,104],"article":[42],"examines":[43],"encumbrances":[45],"within":[46,77],"socio-economic":[48,79,95],"milieu":[49],"that":[50,92,97],"engender":[51],"growth":[53,100],"child":[55],"in":[57,72,86],"Nigeria.":[58],"Emile":[59],"Durkheim\u2019s":[60],"Anomie":[61],"theory":[62,67],"Robert":[64],"Merton\u2019s":[65],"Strain":[66],"crime":[69],"was":[70],"drawn":[71],"explaining":[73],"how":[74],"systemic":[75],"failures":[76],"structure":[80],"society":[83],"concomitantly":[84],"impact":[85],"expanding":[87],"criminalities.":[88],"The":[89],"paper":[90],"concludes":[91],"until":[93],"nuances":[96],"concretize":[98],"proliferation":[102],"illicit":[105],"enterprise":[106],"are":[107],"addressed,":[108],"attempts":[109],"at":[110],"combating":[111],"will":[117],"be":[118],"counterproductive.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-04-15T00:00:00"}
