{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4223487477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","title":"Two Conserved Phenylalanine Residues in the E1 Fusion Loop of Alphaviruses Are Essential for Viral Infectivity","display_name":"Two Conserved Phenylalanine Residues in the E1 Fusion Loop of Alphaviruses Are Essential for Viral Infectivity","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4223487477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35416719","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9093095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.00064-22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9093095","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049391486","display_name":"Cormac J. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6904-8219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6904-8219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cormac J. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037893819","display_name":"Bennett Davenport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-191X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-191X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bennett J. Davenport","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060930429","display_name":"Kathryn S. Carpentier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-4544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-4544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn S. Carpentier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032474464","display_name":"Alex N. Tinega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-3115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-3115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex N. Tinega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047702020","display_name":"Thomas E. Morrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-2938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-2938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E. Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-2938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047702020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77407005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":"9","first_page":"e0006422","last_page":"e0006422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphavirus","display_name":"alphavirus","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e1-glycoprotein","display_name":"E1 glycoprotein","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-loop","display_name":"fusion loop","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-membrane-fusion","display_name":"viral fusion","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-entry","display_name":"viral entry","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-virulence","display_name":"viral virulence","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenicity","display_name":"immunogenicity","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-drug-targets","display_name":"antiviral drug targets","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/live-attenuated-vaccine","display_name":"live attenuated vaccine","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111605","display_name":"Alphavirus","level":3,"score":0.8895773887634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8533756732940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7742630243301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.6259921789169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779755945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111605","display_name":"Togaviridae","level":3,"score":0.5665773749351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556360","display_name":"Lipid bilayer fusion","level":3,"score":0.5217407941818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170545","display_name":"Phenylalanine","level":3,"score":0.4362373650074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108625454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187126","display_name":"Glycoprotein","level":2,"score":0.42353254556655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.28646641969680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.19308912754058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17391851544380188}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072417","descriptor_name":"Protein Domains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002646","descriptor_name":"Chikungunya virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002646","descriptor_name":"Chikungunya virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010649","descriptor_name":"Phenylalanine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014613","descriptor_name":"Vaccines, Attenuated","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014759","descriptor_name":"Viral Envelope Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014765","descriptor_name":"Viral Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018345","descriptor_name":"Mice, Knockout","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050835","descriptor_name":"Interferon Regulatory Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065632","descriptor_name":"Chikungunya Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.00064-22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00064-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9093095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9093095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35416719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35416719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9093095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9093095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6374998714","display_name":"Viral and Host Determinants of Chikungunya Virus Dissemination","funder_award_id":"F32AI140567","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6536508503","display_name":"Impairment of B cell Responses by Pathogenic Chikungunya Viruses","funder_award_id":"R01AI141436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7616166450","display_name":"Molecular Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases","funder_award_id":"T32AI052066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000890470","display_name":"Training Program in Immunology","funder_award_id":"T32AI007405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67859857","https://openalex.org/W1481156068","https://openalex.org/W1607071191","https://openalex.org/W1607273785","https://openalex.org/W1766564474","https://openalex.org/W1852549140","https://openalex.org/W1918498186","https://openalex.org/W1919936396","https://openalex.org/W1943489257","https://openalex.org/W1963938989","https://openalex.org/W1964031657","https://openalex.org/W1964339709","https://openalex.org/W1970626203","https://openalex.org/W1973171145","https://openalex.org/W1977823546","https://openalex.org/W1979661371","https://openalex.org/W1982333259","https://openalex.org/W1983853508","https://openalex.org/W1985949976","https://openalex.org/W1988598654","https://openalex.org/W1991353963","https://openalex.org/W1994821653","https://openalex.org/W2000593698","https://openalex.org/W2004960318","https://openalex.org/W2007614391","https://openalex.org/W2008937064","https://openalex.org/W2014128640","https://openalex.org/W2016054852","https://openalex.org/W2020072455","https://openalex.org/W2022597574","https://openalex.org/W2036090613","https://openalex.org/W2036679352","https://openalex.org/W2039313694","https://openalex.org/W2043875683","https://openalex.org/W2046254711","https://openalex.org/W2048387602","https://openalex.org/W2056243506","https://openalex.org/W2060959687","https://openalex.org/W2062504884","https://openalex.org/W2064440973","https://openalex.org/W2069487448","https://openalex.org/W2078194494","https://openalex.org/W2080595277","https://openalex.org/W2089521177","https://openalex.org/W2089541173","https://openalex.org/W2095028793","https://openalex.org/W2095087679","https://openalex.org/W2100552274","https://openalex.org/W2105160321","https://openalex.org/W2107777154","https://openalex.org/W2113639652","https://openalex.org/W2118159889","https://openalex.org/W2123076205","https://openalex.org/W2124010338","https://openalex.org/W2125545448","https://openalex.org/W2132117914","https://openalex.org/W2136411639","https://openalex.org/W2141231462","https://openalex.org/W2141918346","https://openalex.org/W2150120689","https://openalex.org/W2151183084","https://openalex.org/W2152854377","https://openalex.org/W2156163646","https://openalex.org/W2163972427","https://openalex.org/W2166998625","https://openalex.org/W2169463345","https://openalex.org/W2284046515","https://openalex.org/W2504702569","https://openalex.org/W2738554310","https://openalex.org/W2739390904","https://openalex.org/W2768542723","https://openalex.org/W2803841447","https://openalex.org/W2859255200","https://openalex.org/W2908960338","https://openalex.org/W2915816290","https://openalex.org/W2979531976","https://openalex.org/W2990620950","https://openalex.org/W3004219529","https://openalex.org/W3031762331","https://openalex.org/W3043715515","https://openalex.org/W3046627571","https://openalex.org/W3094584667","https://openalex.org/W3105847615","https://openalex.org/W3108500207","https://openalex.org/W3139760239","https://openalex.org/W3196164980","https://openalex.org/W4200364487","https://openalex.org/W4236351917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879856702","https://openalex.org/W7096912676","https://openalex.org/W2768043460","https://openalex.org/W2048387602","https://openalex.org/W1987114253","https://openalex.org/W3094584667","https://openalex.org/W2111177513","https://openalex.org/W7100818083","https://openalex.org/W2069487448","https://openalex.org/W1996450809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alphaviruses":[0],"are":[1,33],"human":[2],"pathogens":[3],"that":[4,22,52],"cause":[5],"both":[6],"debilitating":[7],"acute":[8],"and":[9,13,39,43,83],"chronic":[10],"musculoskeletal":[11],"disease":[12],"potentially":[14],"fatal":[15],"encephalitis.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"study,":[19],"we":[20],"determined":[21],"two":[23],"highly":[24],"conserved":[25,94],"phenylalanine":[26],"residues":[27],"in":[28,58],"the":[29,74,87],"alphavirus":[30,78,99],"E1":[31],"glycoprotein":[32],"required":[34],"for":[35],"fusion":[36],"of":[37,54,62,73,77,89],"viral":[38,44,63,75],"host":[40,81],"cell":[41],"membranes":[42],"entry":[45,79],"into":[46,80],"target":[47],"cells.":[48],"We":[49],"further":[50],"demonstrated":[51],"mutation":[53],"these":[55,93],"phenylalanines":[56,95],"results":[57],"a":[59],"substantial":[60],"loss":[61],"virulence":[64],"but":[65],"not":[66],"immunogenicity.":[67],"These":[68],"data":[69],"enhance":[70],"an":[71],"understanding":[72],"determinants":[76],"cells":[82],"could":[84],"contribute":[85],"to":[86],"development":[88],"new":[90,97],"antivirals":[91],"targeting":[92],"or":[96],"live-attenuated":[98],"vaccines.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-04-15T00:00:00"}
