{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220927331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","title":"The Management of Clinical Varicocele: Robotic Surgery Approach","display_name":"The Management of Clinical Varicocele: Robotic Surgery Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220927331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36303643","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9580646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frph.2022.791330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frph.2022.791330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207188","display_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","issn_l":"2673-3153","issn":["2673-3153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frph.2022.791330/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001087651","display_name":"Luigi Napolitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-0356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-0356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Napolitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072216343","display_name":"Savio Domenico Pandolfo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-3059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-3059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savio Domenico Pandolfo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003369850","display_name":"Achille Aveta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-1995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-1995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achille Aveta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069926708","display_name":"Lorenzo Cirigliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-4272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-4272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Cirigliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001414017","display_name":"Raffaele Martino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-8515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-8515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Martino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032639977","display_name":"Gennaro Mattiello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gennaro Mattiello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073386345","display_name":"Giuseppe Celentano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Celentano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086372244","display_name":"Biagio Barone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-132X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-132X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biagio Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000191234","display_name":"Claudia Rosati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Rosati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069957432","display_name":"Roberto La Rocca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-5674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-5674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto La Rocca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047660277","display_name":"Gianluca Spena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-9315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-9315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Spena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055022840","display_name":"Lorenzo Spirito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1175-8637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1175-8637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Spirito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055022840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.3654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28975741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"791330","last_page":"791330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13242","display_name":"Male Reproductive Health Studies","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicocele","display_name":"varicocele","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-assisted-laparoscopic-surgery","display_name":"robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-infertility","display_name":"male infertility","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicocelectomy","display_name":"varicocelectomy","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-quality","display_name":"semen quality","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-dna-damage","display_name":"sperm DNA damage","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testicular-veins","display_name":"testicular veins","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen-parameters","display_name":"semen parameters","score":0.46399998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778054964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549229","display_name":"Varicocele","level":4,"score":0.9768542051315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7310718894004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.6406553983688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781237140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740900","display_name":"Spermatic cord","level":2,"score":0.5519294142723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.5166707038879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778080409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916689","display_name":"Semen quality","level":3,"score":0.506902277469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280156","display_name":"Male infertility","level":4,"score":0.4522373080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.42827916145324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.41165077686309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4062269330024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16685009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335057","display_name":"Andrology","level":1,"score":0.1873970329761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.186964750289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07291102409362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frph.2022.791330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frph.2022.791330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207188","display_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","issn_l":"2673-3153","issn":["2673-3153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36303643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36303643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in reproductive health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9580646","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9580646/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Reprod Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.univaq.it:11697/221872","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11697/221872","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/reproductive-health/articles/10.3389/frph.2022.791330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055225","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell Aquila","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e351c9410284c748aff7e6731ef7d5e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e351c9410284c748aff7e6731ef7d5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Vol 4 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frph.2022.791330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frph.2022.791330","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frph.2022.791330/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207188","display_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","issn_l":"2673-3153","issn":["2673-3153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220927331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220927331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527397108","https://openalex.org/W1583856260","https://openalex.org/W1802402735","https://openalex.org/W1821539668","https://openalex.org/W1932373847","https://openalex.org/W1976633759","https://openalex.org/W1984917661","https://openalex.org/W1987599860","https://openalex.org/W2000403065","https://openalex.org/W2001701253","https://openalex.org/W2003200395","https://openalex.org/W2003306197","https://openalex.org/W2006991758","https://openalex.org/W2019704447","https://openalex.org/W2035268511","https://openalex.org/W2037561469","https://openalex.org/W2042549092","https://openalex.org/W2049335032","https://openalex.org/W2064582460","https://openalex.org/W2088023647","https://openalex.org/W2104211739","https://openalex.org/W2132888938","https://openalex.org/W2137724899","https://openalex.org/W2149584384","https://openalex.org/W2162285637","https://openalex.org/W2190276174","https://openalex.org/W2200603798","https://openalex.org/W2215602123","https://openalex.org/W2262228375","https://openalex.org/W2274492987","https://openalex.org/W2411647148","https://openalex.org/W2417060684","https://openalex.org/W2419139808","https://openalex.org/W2419184883","https://openalex.org/W2470085322","https://openalex.org/W2510232807","https://openalex.org/W2725628753","https://openalex.org/W2753826620","https://openalex.org/W2765722653","https://openalex.org/W2790278544","https://openalex.org/W2802565958","https://openalex.org/W2852116733","https://openalex.org/W2947515101","https://openalex.org/W2965966293","https://openalex.org/W3049677847","https://openalex.org/W3186937069","https://openalex.org/W4205487846","https://openalex.org/W4235224067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W178713656","https://openalex.org/W1831902514","https://openalex.org/W2000403065","https://openalex.org/W4298284479","https://openalex.org/W7170087462","https://openalex.org/W2918442475","https://openalex.org/W2139676934","https://openalex.org/W3083780517","https://openalex.org/W2178016243","https://openalex.org/W2894759906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Varicocele":[0,13,60,112],"is":[1,14,25,46,192],"a":[2,118,183],"pathologic":[3],"dilation":[4],"of":[5,29,36,44,71,100,120,126,143,170,178,186,205,220,238],"the":[6,10,16,90,97,141,147,153,161,171,202,206,236],"testicular":[7,75,81,172],"veins":[8],"within":[9],"spermatic":[11],"cord.":[12],"considered":[15],"most":[17],"common":[18],"problem":[19],"in":[20,27,195],"reproductive":[21],"medicine":[22],"practice.":[23],"It":[24],"identified":[26],"15%":[28],"healthy":[30],"men":[31,37],"and":[32,51,65,79,108,152,174,182,197,230],"up":[33],"to":[34,57,200,209,235],"35%":[35],"with":[38,96,130,223],"primary":[39],"infertility.":[40],"The":[41,156],"exact":[42],"pathophysiology":[43],"varicoceles":[45],"not":[47],"very":[48],"well":[49],"understood,":[50],"several":[52,136],"theories":[53],"have":[54,83,88],"been":[55,84],"proposed":[56],"explain":[58],"it.":[59],"can":[61],"impair":[62],"sperm":[63,105],"quality":[64],"fertility":[66],"via":[67],"various":[68],"mechanisms:":[69],"reflux":[70],"adrenal":[72],"metabolites,":[73],"increased":[74,80],"hypoxia,":[76],"oxidative":[77],"stress,":[78],"temperature":[82],"proposed.":[85],"Several":[86],"studies":[87],"reported":[89],"significant":[91],"benefits":[92],"on":[93],"semen":[94],"parameters":[95],"surgical":[98,137],"treatment":[99,121,142],"varicocele:":[101],"reducing":[102],"oxidatively":[103],"induced":[104],"DNA":[106],"damage":[107],"potentially":[109],"improving":[110],"fertility.":[111],"repair":[113],"should":[114],"be":[115],"offered":[116],"as":[117,146,165],"part":[119],"option":[122],"for":[123,140],"male":[124,210],"partners":[125],"infertile":[127],"couples":[128],"presenting":[129],"palpable":[131],"varicoceles.":[132],"Nowadays,":[133],"there":[134],"are":[135],"approaches":[138],"available":[139],"varicocele,":[144],"such":[145,164],"retroperitoneal":[148],"approach,":[149,151],"inguinal":[150],"subinguinal":[154,157],"approach.":[155],"microscopic":[158],"approach":[159,215],"offers":[160,216],"best":[162],"outcomes,":[163],"shorter":[166],"hospital":[167],"stays,":[168],"preservation":[169],"arteries":[173],"lymphatics,":[175],"least":[176],"number":[177,185],"postoperative":[179],"complications,":[180],"recurrence,":[181],"higher":[184],"pregnancies.":[187],"Currently":[188],"robotic-assisted":[189],"laparoscopic":[190],"surgery":[191],"widely":[193],"adopted":[194],"urology":[196],"surgeons":[198],"began":[199],"explore":[201],"potential":[203],"applications":[204],"robotic":[207],"platform":[208],"infertility":[211],"microsurgical":[212],"operations.":[213],"Robotic":[214],"many":[217],"advantages:":[218],"elimination":[219],"tremor,":[221],"retraction":[222],"third":[224],"arm,":[225],"high":[226],"quality,":[227],"3-dimensional":[228],"visualization":[229],"surgeon":[231],"ergonomics,":[232],"all":[233],"contributing":[234],"precision":[237],"surgery.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}