{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220877882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","title":"Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate and Biostimulant Application on the Chemical Composition of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Biomass","display_name":"Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate and Biostimulant Application on the Chemical Composition of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Biomass","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220877882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy12040826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/826/pdf?version=1648534093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/826/pdf?version=1648534093","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038369384","display_name":"Marzenna Olszewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-0792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-0792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marzenna Olszewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10\u2013719 Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-0792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10\u2013719 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038369384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"fwci":1.433,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7836847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"826","last_page":"826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12822","display_name":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","score":0.07090000063180923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lolium-perenne","display_name":"perennial ryegrass","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivar-effects","display_name":"cultivar effects","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biostimulants","display_name":"biostimulants","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-chemical-composition","display_name":"forage chemical composition","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aboveground-biomass","display_name":"aboveground biomass","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-nitrogen-content","display_name":"leaf nitrogen content","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-phosphorus","display_name":"leaf phosphorus","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-potassium-content","display_name":"leaf potassium","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-calcium","display_name":"leaf calcium","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-chlorophyll-content","display_name":"leaf chlorophyll content","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spad","display_name":"SPAD","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetraploid-cultivars","display_name":"tetraploid cultivars","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777275582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161722","display_name":"Lolium perenne","level":3,"score":0.9523415565490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24461792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157957","display_name":"Perennial plant","level":2,"score":0.8775380849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.8324289321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7109076976776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.6183846592903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5871434211730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5465030074119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.48971036076545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.48189932107925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.47292831540107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.410112202167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40292495489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3949272334575653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3371487855911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy12040826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/826/pdf?version=1648534093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bb572efa02b483e9c96c12f08556fa2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bb572efa02b483e9c96c12f08556fa2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 826 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy12040826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040826","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/826/pdf?version=1648534093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3510138506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30.610.014-110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327753","funder_display_name":"Uniwersytet Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurski w Olsztynie"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5509570723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"010/RID/2018/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327753","funder_display_name":"Uniwersytet Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurski w Olsztynie"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6257097457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20.610.020\u2013110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327753","funder_display_name":"Uniwersytet Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurski w Olsztynie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327753","display_name":"Uniwersytet Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurski w Olsztynie","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220877882.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220877882.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W815312545","https://openalex.org/W1760701593","https://openalex.org/W1862609053","https://openalex.org/W1886677716","https://openalex.org/W1994942155","https://openalex.org/W2007342779","https://openalex.org/W2030229521","https://openalex.org/W2030543107","https://openalex.org/W2031554702","https://openalex.org/W2046097514","https://openalex.org/W2048356939","https://openalex.org/W2082333643","https://openalex.org/W2090720658","https://openalex.org/W2099092839","https://openalex.org/W2103522303","https://openalex.org/W2104959234","https://openalex.org/W2105385820","https://openalex.org/W2111966938","https://openalex.org/W2112612703","https://openalex.org/W2126578892","https://openalex.org/W2151420355","https://openalex.org/W2169905727","https://openalex.org/W2330085105","https://openalex.org/W2341801758","https://openalex.org/W2437277714","https://openalex.org/W2462012093","https://openalex.org/W2472382521","https://openalex.org/W2478304842","https://openalex.org/W2529014335","https://openalex.org/W2582935604","https://openalex.org/W2607526262","https://openalex.org/W2781777789","https://openalex.org/W2794757379","https://openalex.org/W2795500667","https://openalex.org/W2888663107","https://openalex.org/W2890154676","https://openalex.org/W2974297641","https://openalex.org/W2993383614","https://openalex.org/W3026436794","https://openalex.org/W3038328341","https://openalex.org/W3098369579","https://openalex.org/W3103938985","https://openalex.org/W3114565606","https://openalex.org/W3134424207","https://openalex.org/W3212350024","https://openalex.org/W4214519793","https://openalex.org/W6704668906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134424207","https://openalex.org/W4390339604","https://openalex.org/W2776150452","https://openalex.org/W7099103166","https://openalex.org/W2136456292","https://openalex.org/W7051749675","https://openalex.org/W4404394137","https://openalex.org/W4298935274","https://openalex.org/W3081663265","https://openalex.org/W2678719943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,119,176,212,235,268],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,22,26,86,121,128,149,180,194,201,220,238,247,261,279,302],"this":[3],"study":[4,101],"was":[5,36,135,166,170,227],"to":[6,185],"determine":[7],"the":[8,19,23,39,61,104,115,147,163,190,197,217,245,259,276,300],"effects":[9],"cultivar,":[11],"nitrogen":[12],"(N)":[13],"rate,":[14],"and":[15,60,72,91,131,133,152,154,162,224,241,250,264,305],"biostimulant":[16],"application":[17,85,237],"on":[18,209,275],"chemical":[20,112,218,277],"composition":[21,113,219,278],"aboveground":[24],"biomass":[25,120],"perennial":[27,68,221,253,280],"ryegrass":[28,69,222,254,281],"(Lolium":[29],"perenne":[30],"L.).":[31],"A":[32],"small-area":[33],"field":[34],"experiment":[35,52],"established":[37],"in":[38,43,159,189,233,252,266],"Agricultural":[40],"Experiment":[41],"Station":[42],"Tomaszkowo":[44],"(53\u00b042\u203240.8\u2033":[45],"N":[46,75,82,169,177,198],"20\u00b026\u203204.7\u2033":[47],"E,":[48],"north-eastern":[49],"Poland).":[50],"had":[53,108,124,205,271],"a":[54,109,125,186,272],"split-plot":[55],"design":[56],"with":[57],"three":[58],"replications,":[59],"experimental":[62],"variables":[63],"were":[64,231],"as":[65],"follows:":[66],"(i)":[67],"cultivar:":[70],"Bajka":[71],"Baronka,":[73],"(ii)":[74],"fertilizer":[76,178,199],"rate:":[77],"0,":[78],"120,":[79],"240":[80,173,202],"kg":[81,174,182,203],"ha\u22121,":[83],"(iii)":[84],"biostimulants:":[87],"Blatt":[88,92,95,239,242],"Boden-Foliar":[89,93,240],"(BB-F)":[90],"+":[94,98],"Boden-Multical":[96,243],"(BB-F":[97],"BB-M).":[99],"This":[100,283],"demonstrated":[102],"that":[103],"tetraploid":[105],"cultivar":[106,117],"Baronka":[107,123],"more":[110],"desirable":[111],"than":[114],"diploid":[116],"Bajka.":[118],"cv.":[122],"higher":[126,138,167],"content":[127,148,193,246],"CP,":[129,150,248],"CF,":[130,262],"K,":[132,153,263],"it":[134,257],"characterized":[136],"by":[137],"leaf":[139,155],"greenness":[140,156],"(SPAD)":[141,157],"values.":[142],"Nitrogen":[143],"fertilization":[144],"considerably":[145],"increased":[146,244],"P,":[151,249],"values":[158],"both":[160],"cultivars,":[161],"noted":[164],"increase":[165],"when":[168,229],"applied":[171,232],"at":[172],"ha\u22121.":[175],"rate":[179,200],"120":[181],"ha\u22121":[183,204],"led":[184],"significant":[187,207],"decrease":[188],"average":[191],"Ca":[192,210,265],"plants,":[195],"whereas":[196,256],"no":[206],"effect":[208,274],"concentration.":[211],"tested":[213],"biostimulants":[214,270],"significantly":[215],"affected":[216],"biomass,":[223],"their":[225],"influence":[226],"greater":[228],"they":[230],"combination.":[234],"foliar":[236],"chlorophyll":[251],"leaves,":[255],"decreased":[258],"accumulation":[260],"plants.":[267],"analyzed":[269],"positive":[273],"biomass.":[282],"is":[284],"an":[285],"important":[286],"practical":[287],"consideration":[288],"because":[289],"high-quality":[290],"green":[291],"fodder":[292],"for":[293],"livestock":[294],"can":[295],"be":[296],"produced":[297],"while":[298],"minimizing":[299],"use":[301],"mineral":[303],"fertilizers":[304],"adverse":[306],"environmental":[307],"impacts.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}