{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214879040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","title":"Spatiotemporal Distributions of PM2.5 Concentrations in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei Region From 2013 to 2020","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Distributions of PM2.5 Concentrations in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei Region From 2013 to 2020","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214879040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086441043","display_name":"Xiaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-6664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-6664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147114","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqveg17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China","Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035422277","display_name":"Dengpan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-1237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-1237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147114","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqveg17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dengpan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China","Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103169295","display_name":"Huizi Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-3077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-3077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147114","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqveg17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huizi Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102401507","display_name":"Jianzhao Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147114","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqveg17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016238896","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-8465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-8465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016238896","https://openalex.org/A5035422277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147114","https://openalex.org/I94611258"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":1.8053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84654325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.7759000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.7759000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.07559999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-optical-depth","display_name":"aerosol optical depth","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-remote-sensing","display_name":"satellite remote sensing","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing-tianjin-hebei-region","display_name":"Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-mixed-models","display_name":"linear mixed models","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographically-weighted-regression","display_name":"geographically weighted regression","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-trends","display_name":"air quality trends","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"land use","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorological-factors","display_name":"meteorological factors","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution-control","display_name":"air pollution control","score":0.5419999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.8245776891708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.6686522960662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.6103371381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.5168824195861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.46714067459106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.45972082018852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.435931533575058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4263232350349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4152202308177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4111790060997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2037268579006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1589299738407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1227724552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09454682469367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e72a0a4fb6d4bbd872218b1f784f7a1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e72a0a4fb6d4bbd872218b1f784f7a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 10 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842237/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2698830187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6544485674","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4eac\u6d25\u5180\u5927\u6c14\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u65f6\u7a7a\u53d8\u5316\u6a21\u62df\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41471091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327986","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03xqveg17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214879040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214879040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966123638","https://openalex.org/W1972585310","https://openalex.org/W1987098847","https://openalex.org/W1997159874","https://openalex.org/W2011740524","https://openalex.org/W2014926829","https://openalex.org/W2031528200","https://openalex.org/W2039740466","https://openalex.org/W2054279173","https://openalex.org/W2083944525","https://openalex.org/W2108079253","https://openalex.org/W2108162680","https://openalex.org/W2119362352","https://openalex.org/W2158101704","https://openalex.org/W2161669929","https://openalex.org/W2175592413","https://openalex.org/W2263992771","https://openalex.org/W2297827415","https://openalex.org/W2306844409","https://openalex.org/W2480175994","https://openalex.org/W2497200023","https://openalex.org/W2524382105","https://openalex.org/W2557097209","https://openalex.org/W2567586762","https://openalex.org/W2620300958","https://openalex.org/W2742946820","https://openalex.org/W2766635578","https://openalex.org/W2767569083","https://openalex.org/W2776069591","https://openalex.org/W2781813618","https://openalex.org/W2789251278","https://openalex.org/W2790766789","https://openalex.org/W2791696953","https://openalex.org/W2804076223","https://openalex.org/W2820877807","https://openalex.org/W2890660608","https://openalex.org/W2908743626","https://openalex.org/W2909938372","https://openalex.org/W2910950772","https://openalex.org/W2921231229","https://openalex.org/W2921499885","https://openalex.org/W2930499469","https://openalex.org/W2963352149","https://openalex.org/W2984362552","https://openalex.org/W2988872163","https://openalex.org/W2990227454","https://openalex.org/W2990989151","https://openalex.org/W3004824971","https://openalex.org/W3012113614","https://openalex.org/W3012231256","https://openalex.org/W3024694635","https://openalex.org/W3098891304","https://openalex.org/W3118311777","https://openalex.org/W3121736343","https://openalex.org/W3124266898","https://openalex.org/W3128133772","https://openalex.org/W3135769465","https://openalex.org/W3136912464","https://openalex.org/W3190061133","https://openalex.org/W3202296504","https://openalex.org/W3212420239","https://openalex.org/W4233619925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190061133","https://openalex.org/W2404788231","https://openalex.org/W2791696953","https://openalex.org/W2044735064","https://openalex.org/W4280506471","https://openalex.org/W3049482449","https://openalex.org/W2984317624","https://openalex.org/W2789251278","https://openalex.org/W2139908239","https://openalex.org/W2783230183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine":[0],"particulate":[1],"matter":[2],"(PM":[3],"2.5":[4,31,63,66,106,147,211,217,258,277,296],")":[5,185,264],"seriously":[6],"affects":[7],"the":[8,15,18,47,54,78,127,161,187,200,238,244,248,253,273,294,326,346],"environment,":[9],"climate,":[10],"and":[11,29,39,42,57,80,136,138,160,179,196,206,229,233,241,272,307,330,343,348,355],"human":[12],"health.":[13],"Over":[14],"past":[16,327],"decades,":[17],"Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei":[19],"region":[20],"(BTH)":[21],"has":[22,43],"been":[23,44,319],"severely":[24],"affected":[25],"by":[26,34,91],"pollutant":[27,255],"gas":[28],"PM":[30,62],"emissions":[32],"caused":[33],"heavy":[35],"industrial":[36],"production,":[37],"topography,":[38],"other":[40],"factors":[41],"one":[45],"of":[46,82,97,163,165,251,290,350],"most":[48],"polluted":[49],"areas":[50,256],"in":[51,149,213,227,231,237,243,265,279,298,321,353],"China.":[52],"Currently,":[53],"long-term,":[55],"large-scale,":[56],"high":[58,129,254],"spatial":[59,130,234],"resolution":[60,131],"monitoring":[61],"concentrations":[64],"([PM":[65,257],"])":[67],"using":[68],"satellite":[69],"remote":[70],"sensing":[71],"technology":[72],"is":[73],"an":[74],"important":[75],"task":[76],"for":[77,186,345],"prevention":[79,347],"control":[81,324,349],"air":[83,322,351],"pollution.":[84],"The":[85,155,215,337],"aerosol":[86],"optical":[87],"depth":[88],"(AOD)":[89],"retrieved":[90],"satellites":[92],"combined":[93,125],"with":[94,126,287],"a":[95,111,224,288],"variety":[96],"auxiliary":[98],"information":[99],"was":[100,142,157],"widely":[101],"used":[102],"to":[103,144,153,270,305,334],"estimate":[104,145,209],"[PM":[105,146,210,216,276,295],"].":[107],"In":[108,292],"this":[109],"study,":[110],"two-stage":[112],"statistical":[113],"regression":[114,122],"[linear":[115],"mixed":[116],"effects":[117],"(LME)":[118],"+":[119],"geographically":[120],"weighted":[121],"(GWR)]":[123],"model,":[124],"latest":[128],"(1":[132],"km)":[133],"AOD":[134],"product":[135],"meteorological":[137],"land":[139],"use":[140],"parameters,":[141],"constructed":[143],"]":[148,212,218,259,278,297],"BTH":[150,280,354],"from":[151,303],"2013":[152],"2020.":[154],"model":[156,188,201],"fitted":[158],"annually,":[159],"ranges":[162],"coefficient":[164],"determination":[166],"(":[167,176,183],"R":[168],"2":[169],"),":[170,178],"root":[171],"mean":[172],"square":[173],"prediction":[174,181],"errors":[175],"RMSPE":[177],"relative":[180],"error":[182],"RPE":[184],"cross-validation":[189],"were":[190],"0.85\u20130.95,":[191],"7.87\u201329.90":[192],"\u03bcg/m":[193,262,284],"3":[194,263,285],",":[195,286],"19.19%\u201332.71%,":[197],"respectively.":[198],"Overall,":[199],"obtained":[202],"relatively":[203],"good":[204],"performance":[205],"could":[207],"effectively":[208],"BTH.":[214],"showed":[219],"obvious":[220],"temporal":[221],"characteristic":[222,235],"within":[223],"year":[225],"(high":[226,236],"winter":[228,299],"low":[230,242],"summer)":[232],"southern":[239],"plain":[240],"northern":[245],"mountain).":[246],"During":[247],"investigated":[249],"period":[250],"2013\u20132020,":[252],">":[260],"75":[261],"2020":[266],"significantly":[267],"narrowed":[268],"compared":[269],"2013,":[271],"annual":[274],"average":[275],"fell":[281],"below":[282],"55":[283],"drop":[289],"54.04%.":[291],"particular,":[293],"season":[300],"dropped":[301],"sharply":[302],"2015":[304],"2017":[306],"declined":[308],"steadily":[309],"after":[310],"2017.":[311],"Our":[312],"results":[313],"suggested":[314],"that":[315],"significant":[316],"achievements":[317],"have":[318],"made":[320],"pollution":[323,352],"over":[325],"8":[328],"years,":[329],"they":[331],"still":[332],"need":[333],"be":[335],"maintained.":[336],"research":[338],"can":[339],"provide":[340],"scientific":[341],"basis":[342],"support":[344],"beyond.":[356]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-03-05T00:00:00"}