{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214599650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","title":"Evolution of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","display_name":"Evolution of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214599650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93370067","display_name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","issn_l":"1473-7140","issn":["1473-7140","1744-8328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058914820","display_name":"Niyati Lobo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-8399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-8399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niyati Lobo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-8399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032356135","display_name":"Alberto Martini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-7154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-7154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133214","display_name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/039zxt351","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155925","display_name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","ror":"https://ror.org/006x48140","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Martini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214","https://openalex.org/I4387155925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034005227","display_name":"Ashish M. Kamat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-9928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-9928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashish M. Kamat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034005227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49166146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"361","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer","display_name":"non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-vaccine","display_name":"BCG vaccine","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-unresponsive-disease","display_name":"BCG-unresponsive disease","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pembrolizumab","display_name":"pembrolizumab","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-gene-therapy","display_name":"viral gene therapy","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-cancer-vaccines","display_name":"therapeutic cancer vaccines","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urothelial-carcinoma","display_name":"urothelial carcinoma","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-recurrence","display_name":"tumor recurrence","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-selection","display_name":"patient selection","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8881099224090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13896859","display_name":"Pembrolizumab","level":4,"score":0.7908493280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.7785669565200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder cancer","level":3,"score":0.7334049940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245995","display_name":"Cystectomy","level":4,"score":0.5411708354949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5278772115707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.48168453574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4452800750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4354621171951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4347415566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.4284314215183258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3238055109977722}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000276","descriptor_name":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000283","descriptor_name":"Administration, Intravesical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001749","descriptor_name":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002295","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Transitional Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007155","descriptor_name":"Immunologic Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009361","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Invasiveness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2046466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93370067","display_name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","issn_l":"1473-7140","issn":["1473-7140","1744-8328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35212590","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert review of anticancer therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229384513","https://openalex.org/W1572827793","https://openalex.org/W1586356187","https://openalex.org/W1936300843","https://openalex.org/W1940241680","https://openalex.org/W1966766953","https://openalex.org/W1971208896","https://openalex.org/W1973251492","https://openalex.org/W1974017225","https://openalex.org/W1983889811","https://openalex.org/W1986277645","https://openalex.org/W1988328342","https://openalex.org/W1993099037","https://openalex.org/W2004240693","https://openalex.org/W2010777431","https://openalex.org/W2017010917","https://openalex.org/W2022495797","https://openalex.org/W2027424648","https://openalex.org/W2039218197","https://openalex.org/W2044835625","https://openalex.org/W2060070314","https://openalex.org/W2060508085","https://openalex.org/W2063120258","https://openalex.org/W2068108980","https://openalex.org/W2082369230","https://openalex.org/W2082941803","https://openalex.org/W2083701335","https://openalex.org/W2087506817","https://openalex.org/W2087801719","https://openalex.org/W2094244560","https://openalex.org/W2103567080","https://openalex.org/W2112509478","https://openalex.org/W2113964885","https://openalex.org/W2116195839","https://openalex.org/W2118471749","https://openalex.org/W2118971660","https://openalex.org/W2133289699","https://openalex.org/W2134589781","https://openalex.org/W2138133517","https://openalex.org/W2147633207","https://openalex.org/W2152061559","https://openalex.org/W2152445257","https://openalex.org/W2155464214","https://openalex.org/W2166316862","https://openalex.org/W2204422245","https://openalex.org/W2270022169","https://openalex.org/W2289712604","https://openalex.org/W2414199713","https://openalex.org/W2464604109","https://openalex.org/W2471695355","https://openalex.org/W2560351339","https://openalex.org/W2567092281","https://openalex.org/W2590475903","https://openalex.org/W2593265673","https://openalex.org/W2606042311","https://openalex.org/W2736638081","https://openalex.org/W2736888159","https://openalex.org/W2741273852","https://openalex.org/W2862742070","https://openalex.org/W2900317915","https://openalex.org/W2906286628","https://openalex.org/W2907956840","https://openalex.org/W2909679049","https://openalex.org/W2941921310","https://openalex.org/W2947964419","https://openalex.org/W2950871245","https://openalex.org/W2954979347","https://openalex.org/W2984806521","https://openalex.org/W2993218757","https://openalex.org/W3020037686","https://openalex.org/W3028523516","https://openalex.org/W3031108451","https://openalex.org/W3032169917","https://openalex.org/W3042421025","https://openalex.org/W3081849221","https://openalex.org/W3108799736","https://openalex.org/W3124349023","https://openalex.org/W3164781831","https://openalex.org/W3175905187","https://openalex.org/W3192993075","https://openalex.org/W4213353617","https://openalex.org/W4243650202","https://openalex.org/W4254224632","https://openalex.org/W4254584811","https://openalex.org/W4313341553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211494167","https://openalex.org/W3024526036","https://openalex.org/W3137756255","https://openalex.org/W7128928011","https://openalex.org/W2945162628","https://openalex.org/W3117631893","https://openalex.org/W4412197875","https://openalex.org/W3092676705","https://openalex.org/W4200456630","https://openalex.org/W4205103362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Immunotherapy":[1],"with":[2,29,195],"intravesical":[3],"bacillus":[4],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin":[5],"(BCG)":[6],"has":[7,66],"been":[8],"the":[9,60,85,110,118,142,148,153,163,170,187,202,208,235],"gold":[10],"standard":[11,236],"treatment":[12,68,86,154,237],"for":[13,21,55,98,114,177,193,239],"intermediate-":[14,240],"and":[15,39,133,201,241],"high-risk":[16,30,242],"non-muscle-invasive":[17],"bladder":[18],"cancer":[19,135],"(NMIBC)":[20],"nearly":[22],"half":[23],"a":[24,70,174,217],"century.":[25],"Yet,":[26],"many":[27],"patients":[28,194,211],"disease":[31],"will":[32,213],"experience":[33],"recurrence,":[34],"including":[35,75,125],"those":[36],"who":[37,212],"progress":[38],"eventually":[40],"become":[41,232],"unresponsive":[42],"to":[43,122,147,161,182,206,226],"BCG.":[44,167],"For":[45],"decades,":[46],"apart":[47],"from":[48,117,216],"radical":[49],"cystectomy,":[50],"few":[51],"therapeutic":[52,134],"options":[53],"existed":[54],"this":[56],"at-risk":[57],"population.":[58],"However,":[59,198],"advent":[61],"of":[62,72,87,109,112,150,155,166,184,204,210],"novel":[63,151,229],"immunotherapeutic":[64],"agents":[65,124],"transformed":[67],"in":[69,84,100,179],"range":[71],"tumor":[73],"types,":[74],"urothelial":[76,89],"carcinoma.":[77],"These":[78],"immunotherapies":[79,230],"have":[80,145],"yielded":[81],"promising":[82],"results":[83],"metastatic":[88],"carcinoma":[90],"and,":[91],"as":[92],"such,":[93],"are":[94],"also":[95],"being":[96],"investigated":[97],"use":[99],"NIMIBC.":[101],"AREAS":[102],"COVERED:":[103],"This":[104],"article":[105],"provides":[106],"an":[107],"overview":[108],"evolution":[111],"immunotherapy":[113,178,219],"NMIBC,":[115,180],"beginning":[116],"original":[119],"immunotherapy-BCG":[120],"-":[121],"current":[123],"checkpoint":[126],"inhibitors,":[127],"IL-15":[128],"agonists,":[129],"viral":[130],"gene":[131],"therapies":[132],"vaccines.":[136],"EXPERT":[137],"OPINION:":[138],"Emerging":[139],"insights":[140],"over":[141],"last":[143],"decade":[144],"led":[146],"development":[149,203],"immunotherapiesfor":[152],"NMIBC":[156],"whilst":[157],"providing":[158],"new":[159],"opportunities":[160],"enhance":[162],"anti-tumour":[164],"activity":[165],"In":[168],"particular,":[169],"KEYNOTE-057":[171],"trial":[172],"represents":[173],"pivotal":[175],"moment":[176],"leading":[181],"approval":[183],"pembrolizumab":[185],"by":[186],"US":[188],"Food":[189],"&":[190],"Drug":[191],"Administration":[192],"BCG-unresponsive":[196],"disease.":[197],"patient":[199],"selection":[200],"biomarkers":[205],"guide":[207],"identification":[209],"benefit":[214],"most":[215],"particular":[218],"remains":[220],"critical.":[221],"As":[222],"research":[223],"efforts":[224],"come":[225],"fruition,":[227],"these":[228],"may":[231],"integrated":[233],"into":[234],"paradigm":[238],"NMBIC.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-03-02T00:00:00"}
