{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213074525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","title":"Eco-Innovation and Innovation Level of the Economy as a Basis for the Typology of the EU Countries","display_name":"Eco-Innovation and Innovation Level of the Economy as a Basis for the Typology of the EU Countries","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213074525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35206192","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8872443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph19042005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2005/pdf?version=1644572619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2005/pdf?version=1644572619","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076654205","display_name":"El\u017cbieta Sobczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-7493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-7493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305801656","display_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/013sm1c65","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El\u017cbieta Sobczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-7493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065869472","display_name":"Dariusz G\u0142uszczuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-3187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-3187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305801656","display_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/013sm1c65","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz G\u0142uszczuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-3187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040813342","display_name":"Andrzej Raszkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-2148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-2148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305801656","display_name":"Wroclaw University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/013sm1c65","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Raszkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-2148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Economy, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Nowowiejska 3, 58-500 Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040813342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305801656"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2618},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2618},"fwci":3.7227,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9246101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"2005","last_page":"2005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14453","display_name":"Sustainability and Innovation in Business","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14453","display_name":"Sustainability and Innovation in Business","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.08780000358819962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12052","display_name":"Polish socio-economic development","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-innovation","display_name":"green innovation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-level","display_name":"innovation level","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-performance","display_name":"environmental performance","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-performance","display_name":"social performance","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-innovation-scoreboard","display_name":"European Innovation Scoreboard","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.8701321482658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776229149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2491831","display_name":"Eco-innovation","level":3,"score":0.7607749700546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.7342517971992493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5564327836036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5310688018798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5172739624977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4668107032775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467367","display_name":"Innovation system","level":2,"score":0.4308880865573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.39011386036872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.34024882316589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.33151212334632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3259093165397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.31913983821868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.23876264691352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2063668668270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19944515824317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.1475081443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12896603345870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1086094081401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076502","descriptor_name":"Sustainable Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005062","descriptor_name":"European Union","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057217","descriptor_name":"Economic Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph19042005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2005/pdf?version=1644572619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8872443","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8872443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35206192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35206192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of environmental research and public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2005-:d:746792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2005/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32a3b2ee2fba458085382cdc7d61d01d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32a3b2ee2fba458085382cdc7d61d01d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 2005, p 2005 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijerph19042005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2005/pdf?version=1644572619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15239247","display_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","issn_l":"1660-4601","issn":["1660-4601","1661-7827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","medline","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213074525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213074525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501039906","https://openalex.org/W1530974776","https://openalex.org/W1855229064","https://openalex.org/W1915344498","https://openalex.org/W1963699201","https://openalex.org/W1991901747","https://openalex.org/W1998871699","https://openalex.org/W2003572185","https://openalex.org/W2010368875","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2016696691","https://openalex.org/W2024311180","https://openalex.org/W2032393291","https://openalex.org/W2075645032","https://openalex.org/W2078005441","https://openalex.org/W2092788142","https://openalex.org/W2092842462","https://openalex.org/W2097628222","https://openalex.org/W2113250448","https://openalex.org/W2195037971","https://openalex.org/W2196292185","https://openalex.org/W2211074832","https://openalex.org/W2289969916","https://openalex.org/W2412247133","https://openalex.org/W2509862097","https://openalex.org/W2525375747","https://openalex.org/W2550466255","https://openalex.org/W2770176194","https://openalex.org/W2777794682","https://openalex.org/W2780608276","https://openalex.org/W2802376927","https://openalex.org/W2905269731","https://openalex.org/W2909516923","https://openalex.org/W2915124852","https://openalex.org/W2923628914","https://openalex.org/W2955882674","https://openalex.org/W2962893579","https://openalex.org/W2996441068","https://openalex.org/W3008446599","https://openalex.org/W3033470320","https://openalex.org/W3093623053","https://openalex.org/W3122190505","https://openalex.org/W3125429304","https://openalex.org/W3126729535","https://openalex.org/W3172864443","https://openalex.org/W3176310531","https://openalex.org/W3214494258","https://openalex.org/W4200412694","https://openalex.org/W4239254363","https://openalex.org/W4244023744","https://openalex.org/W4307237613","https://openalex.org/W6941365882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411895649","https://openalex.org/W4316664144","https://openalex.org/W4392857478","https://openalex.org/W2734904708","https://openalex.org/W7215092041","https://openalex.org/W2959724460","https://openalex.org/W7217249365","https://openalex.org/W4403835053","https://openalex.org/W2944907274","https://openalex.org/W4210972322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,121,169,210],"study":[1,170],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,10,18,21,40,60,64,72,78,81,86,97,100,137,146,152,158,161,165,177,184,190],"issue":[4],"of":[5,20,43,66,71,99,123,142,148,160,183,189,197,206],"eco-innovation":[6,90],"and":[7,34,46,91,118,164,199,203,213],"innovation":[8,143],"in":[9,38,136,176],"European":[11,82,166,173],"Union":[12,83,174],"countries,":[13],"which":[14,56,93],"is":[15,36,52,94],"important":[16],"from":[17,145],"perspective":[19,62],"sustainable":[22],"development":[23],"paradigm.":[24],"Innovation":[25,167],"constitutes":[26],"a":[27,105,128,181],"significant":[28],"factor":[29],"related":[30,88],"to":[31,54,76,89,108],"socio-economic":[32],"development,":[33],"it":[35],"crucial":[37],"constructing":[39],"competitive":[41],"advantage":[42],"enterprises,":[44],"regions,":[45],"countries.":[47],"Nowadays,":[48],"an":[49],"increasing":[50],"importance":[51],"attached":[53],"eco-innovations,":[55],"takes":[57],"into":[58],"account":[59],"ecological":[61],"ensuring":[63],"reduction":[65],"environmental":[67,117],"burdens.":[68],"purpose":[70],"conducted":[73,185],"research":[74,153],"was":[75,154],"assess":[77],"diversity":[79],"among":[80],"countries":[84,175],"regarding":[85],"situation":[87],"innovation,":[92,109],"focused":[95],"on":[96,131,151],"typology":[98],"EU":[101,191],"Member":[102,192],"States":[103,193],"taking":[104],"holistic":[106,140],"approach":[107],"i.e.,":[110],"considering":[111],"not":[112],"only":[113],"economic":[114],"but":[115],"also":[116],"social":[119],"performance.":[120],"methods":[122],"multivariate":[124],"statistical":[125],"analysis,":[126],"with":[127],"particular":[129],"emphasis":[130],"classification":[132],"methods,":[133],"were":[134,194],"used":[135],"research.":[138],"A":[139],"overview":[141],"results":[144],"combination":[147],"findings":[149],"based":[150],"carried":[155],"out":[156],"within":[157],"framework":[159],"Eco-Innovation":[162,198],"Observatory":[163],"Scoreboard.":[168],"covered":[171],"28":[172],"period":[178],"2013-2019.":[179],"As":[180],"result":[182],"analyses,":[186],"four":[187],"classes":[188],"identified":[195],"(Leaders":[196],"Innovation,":[200,207],"Moderate":[201],"Eco-Innovators":[202,212],"Catching-Up":[204],"Leaders":[205],"Poor":[208],"Innovators,":[209],"Poorest":[211],"Innovators).":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-02-24T00:00:00"}
