{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213071609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","title":"Energetically enhanced natural gas liquefaction process with CO2 precooling","display_name":"Energetically enhanced natural gas liquefaction process with CO2 precooling","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213071609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452200023X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452200023X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Waqar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Waqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710049, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710049, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047835879","display_name":"Haris Ishaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-4575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-4575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Ishaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Energy Systems at University of Victoria (IESVic), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Energy Systems at University of Victoria (IESVic), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034589929","display_name":"Shah Rukh Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-7959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-7959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767999","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03dybbh68","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767999","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah Rukh Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767999","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":1.3262,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75809152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"100200","last_page":"100200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.6640999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.6640999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.14790000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.11720000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas-liquefaction","display_name":"natural gas liquefaction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption-reduction","display_name":"energy consumption reduction","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefaction-rate","display_name":"liquefaction rate","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-destruction","display_name":"exergy destruction","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-scale-lng","display_name":"small-scale LNG","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.921161413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14034172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358333","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","level":3,"score":0.6778547763824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.6722930073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6365004777908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.611556887626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5618574619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49037885665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.48381751775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.450408011674881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141675481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3588981","display_name":"Energy recovery","level":3,"score":0.44477978348731995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.44298145174980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.4197545647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.38323479890823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2604265809059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.24595722556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23095110058784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10098513960838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06177818775177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452200023X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae49591cc3b84c848958138cb402faea","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae49591cc3b84c848958138cb402faea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X, Vol 14, Iss , Pp 100200- (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100200","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452200023X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191901","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management X","issn_l":"2590-1745","issn":["2590-1745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213071609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213071609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61982801","https://openalex.org/W747594623","https://openalex.org/W1553503501","https://openalex.org/W1981125637","https://openalex.org/W1985138677","https://openalex.org/W1993736653","https://openalex.org/W2005400161","https://openalex.org/W2007633132","https://openalex.org/W2008646650","https://openalex.org/W2037155693","https://openalex.org/W2042670564","https://openalex.org/W2067406613","https://openalex.org/W2076456670","https://openalex.org/W2080462507","https://openalex.org/W2089475260","https://openalex.org/W2094511359","https://openalex.org/W2191072129","https://openalex.org/W2210934611","https://openalex.org/W2471282262","https://openalex.org/W2502919292","https://openalex.org/W2619511720","https://openalex.org/W2784221598","https://openalex.org/W2898795289","https://openalex.org/W2959869724","https://openalex.org/W6720338396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080462507","https://openalex.org/W2959869724","https://openalex.org/W1807437098","https://openalex.org/W3023478589","https://openalex.org/W2066889335","https://openalex.org/W2991016208","https://openalex.org/W2970566971","https://openalex.org/W2465593469","https://openalex.org/W4386227204","https://openalex.org/W4385694231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"gas":[1,24,44,65,211],"releases":[2],"45\u201350%":[3],"less":[4],"CO2":[5,74],"emissions":[6],"as":[7,126,260],"compared":[8,245,261,278,292],"with":[9,73,279],"coal":[10],"and":[11,19,47,60,110,120,164,170,187,201,205,214,234,246,251,258,277,288,300,309],"the":[12,38,42,50,79,85,92,96,102,131,139,152,158,179,183,192,209,239,274,295,301],"liquefaction":[13,45,66,81,97,147,165,184,289,315],"process":[14,46,51,67,82,98,103,316],"is":[15,26,83,108,167,232,271,298,304],"employed":[16],"for":[17,130,238,321,326],"storage":[18],"transport":[20],"of":[21,78,95,133,142,149,154,157,194,203,216,229,241,254,268,291,323],"liquefied":[22],"natural":[23,43,64],"that":[25,84,176],"an":[27],"energy-intensive":[28],"process.":[29],"Numerous":[30],"scientific":[31],"efforts":[32],"are":[33,212,244],"being":[34],"directed":[35],"to":[36,48,262,307],"reduce":[37],"energy":[39,93,121,140,162,188,256,286],"consumption":[40,94,122,141,163,189,257,287],"in":[41,208,236],"increase":[49],"efficiency.":[52,104],"Thus,":[53],"this":[54,134,195],"study":[55,276],"proposes":[56],"a":[57,127,146,249,318],"uniquely":[58],"modified":[59],"energetically":[61],"enhanced":[62],"small-scale":[63],"by":[68,115,177],"nitrogen":[69],"single":[70],"expander":[71],"technology":[72],"precooling.":[75],"The":[76,105,226,266],"novelty":[77],"designed":[80,86],"configuration":[87],"does":[88],"not":[89],"only":[90],"reduces":[91],"but":[99],"also":[100,168],"improves":[101],"proposed":[106,275,314],"system":[107,221],"simulated":[109,280],"optimized":[111],"using":[112,285],"ASPEN":[113],"HYSYS":[114],"different":[116],"design":[117],"key":[118,128],"parameters,":[119],"has":[123,173],"been":[124,174,224],"considered":[125,213],"function":[129],"optimization":[132,240],"cycle.":[135,265],"Detailed":[136],"characterization":[137],"shows":[138,248,317],"9.216":[143],"kWh\u00b7kmol\u22121":[144],"at":[145],"rate":[148,166,185,290],"0.77.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"effect":[153],"pressure":[155],"output":[156,181],"valve":[159,180],"on":[160,220],"unit":[161,255],"observed":[169,175],"discussed.":[171],"It":[172],"decreasing":[178],"pressure,":[182],"decreases":[186],"increases.":[190],"Besides,":[191],"versatility":[193],"cycle":[196],"under":[197],"various":[198],"pressures,":[199],"temperatures":[200],"composition":[202],"methane":[204],"other":[206],"components":[207],"feed":[210],"effects":[215],"these":[217],"parameters":[218],"variation":[219],"performance":[222,267],"have":[223],"observed.":[225],"exergy":[227,259],"destruction":[228],"each":[230],"equipment":[231],"evaluated":[233],"investigated":[235],"detail":[237],"results.":[242],"Results":[243],"it":[247],"6.90%":[250],"9.0%":[252],"decrease":[253],"referenced":[263,281],"base":[264],"numerous":[269],"relationships":[270],"derived":[272],"from":[273],"published":[282],"data.":[283],"By":[284],"LNG":[293],"cycles,":[294],"maximum":[296],"error":[297,303],"+0.93":[299],"minimum":[302],"\u22120.12.":[305],"Due":[306],"safe":[308],"simple":[310],"operation,":[311],"compact":[312],"device,":[313],"suitable":[319],"application":[320],"development":[322],"small-scale,":[324],"especially":[325],"offshore":[327],"reserves.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-02-24T00:00:00"}