{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213066446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","title":"Smoking intensity and urinary nicotine metabolites by socioeconomic status in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study","display_name":"Smoking intensity and urinary nicotine metabolites by socioeconomic status in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213066446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35164711","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8842804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001167561","display_name":"Jan Hovanec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-1465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-1465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Hovanec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany. hovanec@ipa.ruhr-uni-bochum.de","Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-1465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany. hovanec@ipa.ruhr-uni-bochum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003031121","display_name":"Tobias Wei\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-5614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-5614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Wei\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056067006","display_name":"Holger Martin Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-2837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-2837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger M. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022630478","display_name":"Beate Pesch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beate Pesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017781063","display_name":"Thomas Behrens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-5234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-5234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Behrens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031916410","display_name":"Benjamin Kendzia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-795X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-795X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kendzia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103721917","display_name":"Marina Arendt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159743108","display_name":"Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/03dv91853","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159743108"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086407","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqjrk21","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119759","display_name":"Essen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02na8dn90","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Arendt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Dortmund, Germany","Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159743108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407","https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071073349","display_name":"Nico Dragano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Dragano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079426765","display_name":"Susanne Moebus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-5410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-5410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119759","display_name":"Essen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02na8dn90","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Moebus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Urban Public Health, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Urban Public Health, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119759","https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038699709","display_name":"B\u00f6rge Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6948-7273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6948-7273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086407","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqjrk21","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119759","display_name":"Essen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02na8dn90","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00f6rge Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407","https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016173348","display_name":"Thomas Br\u00fcning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-5464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-5464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120175","display_name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqa2c59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097929","https://openalex.org/I4210103566","https://openalex.org/I4210120175","https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Br\u00fcning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), B\u00fcrkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060093906","display_name":"Karl\u2010Heinz J\u00f6ckel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-0255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-0255"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086407","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqjrk21","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119759","display_name":"Essen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02na8dn90","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Heinz J\u00f6ckel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086407","https://openalex.org/I4210119759"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001167561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120175"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2212,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2385},"fwci":1.0098,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72282481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"302","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11633","display_name":"Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-intensity","display_name":"smoking intensity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotinine","display_name":"cotinine","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trans-3-hydroxycotinine","display_name":"trans-3'-hydroxycotinine","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-validity","display_name":"measurement validity","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-smoke-exposure","display_name":"tobacco smoke exposure","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-creatinine","display_name":"urinary creatinine","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-status","display_name":"occupational status","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heinz-nixdorf-recall-study","display_name":"Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study","score":0.9649999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421177","display_name":"Cotinine","level":3,"score":0.9670364260673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.804175615310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.750834584236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6354528665542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.5926670432090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.47839128971099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386268","display_name":"Tobacco smoke","level":2,"score":0.45555055141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.43151938915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41391250491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.32438650727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.223341166973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003367","descriptor_name":"Cotinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009538","descriptor_name":"Nicotine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35164711","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35164711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8842804","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8842804/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de:8844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/8844","pdf_url":"https://hss-opus.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/opus4/files/8844/WoS2022HovanecJan1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400167","display_name":"Dokumentenrepositorium der RUB (Ruhr University Bochum)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","host_organization_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c74cd227cbc40528acf6c75485a79a9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c74cd227cbc40528acf6c75485a79a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-022-12609-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G763130867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP 295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321900","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321900","display_name":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung","ror":"https://ror.org/01agh0847"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323715","display_name":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213066446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213066446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1955514624","https://openalex.org/W1971763829","https://openalex.org/W1981036946","https://openalex.org/W1981824908","https://openalex.org/W1984722293","https://openalex.org/W1995565483","https://openalex.org/W2017889341","https://openalex.org/W2028660603","https://openalex.org/W2049033447","https://openalex.org/W2065974664","https://openalex.org/W2071341825","https://openalex.org/W2081534510","https://openalex.org/W2088239637","https://openalex.org/W2088931715","https://openalex.org/W2092495773","https://openalex.org/W2095953837","https://openalex.org/W2100593677","https://openalex.org/W2110615895","https://openalex.org/W2116438644","https://openalex.org/W2133851404","https://openalex.org/W2134595953","https://openalex.org/W2140591739","https://openalex.org/W2147691149","https://openalex.org/W2151269010","https://openalex.org/W2155963578","https://openalex.org/W2157867028","https://openalex.org/W2170876712","https://openalex.org/W2269911282","https://openalex.org/W2341949513","https://openalex.org/W2345179568","https://openalex.org/W2416316744","https://openalex.org/W2438200560","https://openalex.org/W2495164167","https://openalex.org/W2585915213","https://openalex.org/W2591764111","https://openalex.org/W2807953401","https://openalex.org/W2917596978","https://openalex.org/W2933083817","https://openalex.org/W4232849951","https://openalex.org/W4391726892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6957916744","https://openalex.org/W2917596978","https://openalex.org/W2759768360","https://openalex.org/W2933083817","https://openalex.org/W2065974664","https://openalex.org/W2808201760","https://openalex.org/W1981824908","https://openalex.org/W2085209652","https://openalex.org/W2898780147","https://openalex.org/W2003516981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Smoking":[1],"intensity,":[2],"which":[3,63],"is":[4,14,59],"generally":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7],"self-reported":[8,267],"average":[9],"cigarettes":[10],"per":[11],"day":[12],"(CPD),":[13],"a":[15,252],"major":[16],"behavioural":[17],"risk":[18],"factor":[19],"and":[20,85,106,120,130,136,139,162,197,216,223,227,230,237,276],"strongly":[21],"related":[22],"to":[23],"socioeconomic":[24],"status":[25],"(SES).":[26],"To":[27],"assess":[28],"the":[29,32,76,81,92,95,113],"validity":[30],"of":[31,39,70,78,94,117,134,142,243,266,286],"CPD":[33,84,129,159,164,189,236,268],"measure,":[34],"correlations":[35,124,203],"with":[36,192,208],"objective":[37],"markers":[38],"tobacco":[40],"smoke":[41],"exposure":[42],"-":[43,49],"such":[44],"as":[45],"urinary":[46,104,238],"nicotine":[47,86],"metabolites":[48,87],"were":[50,204,240,259],"examined.":[51],"Yet,":[52],"it":[53],"remains":[54],"unclear,":[55],"whether":[56],"this":[57],"correlation":[58],"affected":[60],"by":[61,112,150,289],"SES,":[62],"may":[64],"indicate":[65],"imprecise":[66],"or":[67],"biased":[68,284],"self-reports":[69,285],"smoking":[71,155,287],"intensity.":[72],"METHODS:":[73],"We":[74,102,122,278],"investigated":[75],"role":[77],"SES":[79,109,135,138,219,250,273],"in":[80,88,132,144,160,165,194,206,225,232,245,256,274],"association":[82,255],"between":[83,127],"current":[89],"smokers":[90,207],"among":[91],"participants":[93],"population-based,":[96],"prospective":[97],"Heinz":[98],"Nixdorf":[99],"Recall":[100],"Study.":[101],"determined":[103],"cotinine":[105,131,143,171,193,244],"additionally":[107],"trans-3'-hydroxy-cotinine.":[108,262],"was":[110,157,220,269],"assessed":[111],"International":[114],"Socio-Economic":[115],"Index":[116],"occupational":[118,218],"status,":[119],"education.":[121],"calculated":[123],"(Pearson's":[125,199],"r)":[126],"logarithmised":[128],"subgroups":[133],"analysed":[137],"further":[140],"predictors":[141,242],"multiple":[145,246],"linear":[146],"regression":[147,247],"models":[148],"separately":[149],"gender.":[151],"RESULTS:":[152],"Median":[153],"reported":[154],"intensity":[156,288],"20":[158],"male":[161],"19":[163],"female":[166],"smokers.":[167],"Men":[168],"showed":[169,251],"higher":[170],"concentrations":[172],"(median":[173],"3652":[174],"\u03bcg/L,":[175,184],"interquartile":[176],"range":[177],"(IQR)":[178],"2279-5422":[179],"\u03bcg/L)":[180],"than":[181],"women":[182,198],"(3127":[183],"IQR":[185],"1692-4920":[186],"\u03bcg/L).":[187],"Logarithmised":[188,235],"correlated":[190],"moderately":[191],"both,":[195],"men":[196,275],"r":[200,212],"0.4),":[201],"but":[202],"weaker":[205],"lower":[209],"SES:":[210],"Pearson's":[211],"for":[213,261,271,283],"low,":[214],"intermediate,":[215],"high":[217],"0.35,":[221],"0.39,":[222],"0.48":[224],"men,":[226],"0.28,":[228],"0.43,":[229],"0.47":[231],"women,":[233],"respectively.":[234],"creatinine":[239],"main":[241],"models,":[248],"whereas":[249],"weak":[253],"negative":[254],"women.":[257,277],"Results":[258],"similar":[260],"CONCLUSIONS:":[263],"Decreasing":[264],"precision":[265],"indicated":[270],"low":[272],"found":[279],"no":[280],"strong":[281],"evidence":[282],"SES.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-02-24T00:00:00"}