{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213044033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","title":"Bath/Mikveh","display_name":"Bath/Mikveh","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213044033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604201","display_name":"Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online","raw_type":"dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/305946","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041448412","display_name":"Rick Bonnie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-3414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-3414"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rick Bonnie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041448412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10362","display_name":"Biblical Studies and Interpretation","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10362","display_name":"Biblical Studies and Interpretation","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13372","display_name":"Archaeology and Historical Studies","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14160","display_name":"Water management and technologies","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mikveh","display_name":"mikveh","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ritual-bathing","display_name":"ritual bathing","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ritual-impurity","display_name":"ritual impurity","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purification","display_name":"purification","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ritual-washing","display_name":"ritual washing","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-levant","display_name":"Southern Levant","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-sea-scrolls","display_name":"Dead Sea Scrolls","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/josephus","display_name":"Josephus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philo","display_name":"Philo","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essenes","display_name":"Essenes","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-temple-judaism","display_name":"Second Temple Judaism","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hellenistic-period","display_name":"Hellenistic period","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31538376212120056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-7993_eeco_sim_00000401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604201","display_name":"Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online","raw_type":"dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/305946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/305946","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/305946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/305946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/305946","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/305946","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5681999921798706,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213044033.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213044033.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393157599","https://openalex.org/W4248027103","https://openalex.org/W4214759267","https://openalex.org/W4406086981","https://openalex.org/W2607221531","https://openalex.org/W4214556927","https://openalex.org/W4238704012","https://openalex.org/W4214638191","https://openalex.org/W4244343102","https://openalex.org/W4212766585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bath/Mikveh\"Mikveh\"":[0],"(pl.mikva'ot),":[1],"literally":[2],"referring":[3],"to":[4,21,171,179,190,282,331],"a":[5,9,23,158,260],"\"gathering\"":[6],"as":[7,109,142,144,182,198,226,342,344,367],"in":[8,62,67,72,88,145,184,222,236,329,351],"\"gathering":[10],"of":[11,40,58,97,138,152,196,216,250,274,349,363,369],"water\"":[12],"(mikveh":[13],"mayim;":[14],"Lev":[15],"11:36),":[16],"is":[17,29,280,319,321],"today":[18],"commonly":[19],"used":[20,31],"designate":[22],"manmade":[24],"deep,":[25],"stepped":[26],"pool":[27],"that":[28,86,218,294,322,368],"being":[30],"for":[32,43,92,238,298],"ritual":[33,98,153,161,180,214,257,288,310,332],"immersion":[34,328],"and":[35,53,78,116,131,140,243,263,347,372],"purification":[36,93],"from":[37,94,284],"the":[38,63,73,95,136,146,150,167,185,193,208,271,301,345],"state":[39,96],"impurity":[41,99,122,162],"caused,":[42],"instance,":[44],"by":[45,135],"contact":[46,110],"with":[47,111,156,256],"sexual":[48],"fluids":[49],"or":[50],"diseases.Archaeological":[51],"excavations":[52],"surveys":[54],"have":[55],"uncovered":[56],"hundreds":[57],"such":[59,108,225,366],"water":[60,89,350],"installations":[61],"southern":[64,76],"Levant,":[65],"mainly":[66],"modern":[68],"Israel":[69],"but":[70,127,267],"also":[71,128,212,268],"West":[74],"Bank,":[75],"Lebanon,":[77],"western":[79],"Jordan.":[80],"Textual":[81],"sourcesThe":[82],"Hebrew":[83,186],"Bible":[84],"records":[85],"\"bathing\"":[87],"was":[90,290,312],"necessary":[91],"Num":[100],"19).This":[101],"could":[102],"be":[103],"obtained":[104],"through":[105],"various":[106,194],"means,":[107],"carrion,":[112],"childbirth,":[113],"skin":[114],"diseases,":[115],"bodily":[117],"discharges":[118],"(e.g.seminal,":[119],"menstrual,":[120],"illness-related).Such":[121],"affected":[123],"not":[124,220],"only":[125],"humans,":[126],"clothing,":[129],"vessels,":[130],"other":[132],"objects.As":[133],"testified":[134],"accounts":[137,177,325],"Josephus":[139],"Philo,":[141,206,232],"well":[143,343],"Dead":[147,302],"Sea":[148,303],"scrolls,":[149],"act":[151],"bathing":[154,289,311,333],"-and,":[155],"it,":[157],"focus":[159],"on":[160,308],"-received":[163],"more":[164],"interest":[165],"during":[166,252,277],"2nd":[168],"century":[169,173],"BCE":[170],"1st":[172],"CE.While":[174],"these":[175,285,323],"later":[176,324],"referred":[178],"washing":[181,217,228,235,244,258],"described":[183],"Bible,":[187],"they":[188,211],"tended":[189],"gloss":[191],"over":[192],"details":[195],"purification,":[197],"if":[199],"all":[200],"were":[201],"handled":[202],"similarly":[203],"(e.g.Jos.Ant.3.261-265,":[204],"269;":[205],"Spec.1.261-262).At":[207],"same":[209],"time,":[210],"introduced":[213],"uses":[215],"are":[219],"mentioned":[221],"earlier":[223],"texts,":[224],"hand":[227],"(Let.Aris.":[229],"305-306;":[230],"Jos.Ant.12.106;":[231],"Cont.66,":[233],"89),":[234],"preparation":[237],"prayer":[239],"(Jdt":[240],"12:7-9;":[241],"Jos.Bell.2.128-129),":[242],"after":[245],"defecation":[246],"(Jos.Bell.2.149).The":[247],"wider":[248],"range":[249],"practices":[251],"this":[253,275,278],"period":[254],"associated":[255],"suggests":[259],"greater":[261,272],"diversity":[262],"innovation":[264],"than":[265],"before,":[266],"hints":[269],"towards":[270],"significance":[273],"practice":[276],"period.It":[279],"difficult":[281],"deduce":[283],"texts":[286],"how":[287,309],"practiced.Josephus":[291],"(Bell.2.161)":[292],"notes":[293],"Essenes":[295],"remained":[296],"clothed":[297],"washing,":[299],"while":[300],"scrolls":[304],"offer":[305],"some":[306],"information":[307],"carried":[313],"out":[314],"(see":[315],"Lawrence,":[316],"2006,":[317],"141-149).What":[318],"clear":[320],"emphasize":[326],"full":[327],"respect":[330],"(e.g.Jos.Ant.3.263;":[334],"CD":[335],"X:":[336,356],"10-13;":[337],"Mark":[338],"7:3-4;":[339],"Luke":[340],"11:38),":[341],"amount":[346],"nature":[348],"which":[352],"one":[353],"immersed":[354],"(CD":[355],"10-12;":[357],"4Q270":[358],"6":[359],"iv":[360],"21).The":[361],"use":[362],"\"living":[364],"water,\"":[365],"rivers,":[370],"lakes":[371],"springs,":[373]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-02-24T00:00:00"}