{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211246870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","title":"An estimate of the stochastic gravitational wave background from the MassiveBlackII simulation","display_name":"An estimate of the stochastic gravitational wave background from the MassiveBlackII simulation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211246870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stac388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/511/4/5241/42699721/stac388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/511/4/5241/42699721/stac388.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064520596","display_name":"Bailey Sykes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-4007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-4007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bailey Sykes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-4007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087287216","display_name":"H. Middleton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-3622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-3622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126807","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery","ror":"https://ror.org/02zp3yd51","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Middleton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia","OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-3622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106695888","display_name":"Andrew Melatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-141X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-141X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126807","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery","ror":"https://ror.org/02zp3yd51","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Melatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035375830","display_name":"Tiziana Di Matteo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-5734","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-3268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126807","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery","ror":"https://ror.org/02zp3yd51","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiziana Di\u00a0Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":["McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OzGrav-Melbourne, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107909181","display_name":"Colin DeGraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7729-3700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7729-3700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin DeGraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060988096","display_name":"Aklant Kumar Bhowmick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-2864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-2864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aklant Bhowmick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-2864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064520596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2858},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7999,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64188856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"511","issue":"4","first_page":"5241","last_page":"5250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gravitational-wave-background","display_name":"stochastic gravitational wave background","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supermassive-black-hole-binaries","display_name":"supermassive black hole binaries","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar-timing-arrays","display_name":"pulsar timing arrays","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characteristic-strain","display_name":"characteristic strain","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-star-evolution","display_name":"binary star evolution","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-scattering","display_name":"stellar scattering","score":0.9300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.945587158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781201033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5598005","display_name":"Gravitational wave background","level":3,"score":0.830078661441803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.7405897378921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.598916232585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32602459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913879","display_name":"Binary black hole","level":3,"score":0.5409925580024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5022726058959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.467904657125473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4487159550189972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.4383949339389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4275505244731903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.3664940893650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stac388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/511/4/5241/42699721/stac388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.05410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.05410","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.05410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2202.05410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.05410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2202.05410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stac388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac388","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/511/4/5241/42699721/stac388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2085766551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ATP NNX17AK56G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G215948905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ATP-80NSSC18K101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2542796740","display_name":"The First Billion Years: a Petascale Universe of Galaxies and Quasars","funder_award_id":"1614853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3455835668","display_name":"INTENSITY MAPPING (IM) IS THE USE OF ONE OR MORE EMISSION LINES TO TRACE OUT THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE WITHOUT NEEDING TO RESOLVE INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS (SUCH AS GALAXIES OR GAS CLOUDS). IT IS ONE OF THE MOST PROMISING WAYS TO RADICALLY EXTEND THE SKY SURVEY REVOLUTION IN COSMOLOGY. BY MAKING SPECTRA OF THE ENTIRE SKY  RATHER THAN THE ONE PART IN ONE MILLION CAPTURED BY CURRENT FIBER SPECTROGRAPHS ONE WOULD BE SENSITIVE TO ALL STRUCTURE. THERE ARE POTENTIALLY HUGE DISCOVERIES TO BE MADE IN THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE SKY THAT IS CURRENTLY SPECTRALLY UNMAPPED  AND ALSO GREAT GAINS IN SIGNAL TO NOISE OF COSMOLOGICAL CLUSTERING MEASUREMENTS. INTENSITY MAPPING WITH THE 21CM RADIO LINE HAS BEEN EXPLORED THEORETICALLY BY MANY AND INSTRUMENTS ARE BEING BUILT  PARTICULARLY TARGETING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION. IN THE UV  VISIBLE AND INFRARED  HOWEVER OTHER LINES HAVE ENORMOUS PROMISE  AND WILL BE EXPLOITED BY A RANGE OF FUTURE NASA MISSIONS INCLUDING WFIRST  EUCLID  AND THE PROPOSED SPHEREX INSTRUMENT  A DEDICATED INTENSITY MAPPING SATELLITE.THE FIRST MEASUREMENT OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OUTSIDE THE RADIO (USING LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION) WAS RECENTLY MADE BY THE PI AND COLLABORATORS. THE LY-A ABSORPTION LINE ALSO TRACES A CONTINUOUS COSMOLOGICAL FIELD  THE LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST  AND THE ENORMOUS RECENT INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF OBSERVED QUASAR SPECTRA HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO INTERPOLATE BETWEEN QUASAR SIGHTLINES TO CREATE THREE DIMENSIONAL MAPS. BEING ABLE TO TRACE THE SAME COSMIC STRUCTURE IN EMISSION AND ABSORPTION OFFERS HUGE ADVANTAGES WHEN WE SEEK TOUNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES INVOLVED. IT WILL HELP US MAKE COMPREHENSIVE MAPS OF THE UNIVERSE'S CONTENTS AND OFFER US THE OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE NEW POWERFUL COSMOLOGICAL TESTS.IN OUR PROPOSED WORK WE WILL EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES AFFORDED BY TAKING GRISM AND INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTRA OF LARGE VOLUMES OF THE UNIVERSE  USING STATE-OF-THE-ART COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS. WE WILL MAKE USE OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED FOR THE LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST  AS WELL AS FOREST DATA ITSELF TO TEST THEM. OUR AIM IS TO DEVELOP INTENSITY MAPPING AS A COSMOLOGICAL TOOL AND SHOWHOW IT CAN BE USED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CONTENTS OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE FORMATION OF STRUCTURE THAT ARE NOT ACCESSIBLE TO TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES. THE PROJECT WILL INVOLVE BOTH DIRECT SAMPLING OF COSMIC STRUCTURE AND CROSS-CORRELATIONS OF LINE INTENSITY AND OBJECTS (INCLUDING GALAXIES  QUASARS AND ABSORPTION LINES). EMISSION (E.G.  H-ALPHA EMISSION) AND ABSORPTION (LY ALPHA FOREST) WILLBE VIEWED AS CONTINUOUS FIELDS. USING LARGE VOLUME COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS COMBINED WITH POPULATION SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES WE WILL MAKE SIMULATED SPECTRAL DATA SETS. THE TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE THESE COSMOLOGICAL DATA CUBES WILL BE DEVELOPED. THE EXPECTED OUTCOMESARE THE FOLLOWING:(A) PREDICTIONS FOR THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF STRONG EMISSION LINES (INCLUDING HA  HB  LYA  OII  OIII) IN THE UNIVERSE USING HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS INCLUDING THE CONTRIBUTION FROM ALL COMPONENTS  FROM QUASARS TO DIFFUSE EMSSION.(B) SIMULATIONS OF REALISTIC EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF IM AS A COSMOLOGICAL PROBE}  INCLUDING BARYON OSCILLATIONS AND WEAK GRAVITATIONAL LENSING.(C) TESTS OF TECHNIQUES TO DETECTION AND QUANTIFY THE LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS UNIVERSE  LEADING TO A COMPLETE CENSUS OF THE COSMIC INTENSITY IN SPECIFIC LINES SUCH AS OII AND HA.(D) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO EXTRACT REDSHIFTS FOR INDIVIDUAL GALAXIES FROM LOW ANGULAR RESOLUTION IM SPECTROSCOPY.(E) MOCK CATALOGS FOR SPHEREX  EUCLID AND WFIRST SPECTROSCOPY OF DIFFUSE EMISSION  AS WELL AS FOR THE GALEX GRISM SURVEY AND TESTS OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES ON DATA FROM THE LATTER.","funder_award_id":"NNX17AK56G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4141385174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ATP NNX17AK56G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G513840668","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery","funder_award_id":"CE170100004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7652594471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8472773360","display_name":"Quasars and Large Scale Structure:   Gigaparsec-scale simulations confront Large Survey Data","funder_award_id":"1616168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570682797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE170100004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8874552525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ATP 80NSSC18K101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310620","display_name":"University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320973","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211246870.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211246870.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497113739","https://openalex.org/W1631788275","https://openalex.org/W1646853867","https://openalex.org/W1793599778","https://openalex.org/W1822591600","https://openalex.org/W1843620342","https://openalex.org/W1853880875","https://openalex.org/W1891089129","https://openalex.org/W1979661872","https://openalex.org/W1981777620","https://openalex.org/W1982701841","https://openalex.org/W1985286739","https://openalex.org/W1990401433","https://openalex.org/W1993345637","https://openalex.org/W1995061453","https://openalex.org/W1999367759","https://openalex.org/W2008081882","https://openalex.org/W2024080238","https://openalex.org/W2033842403","https://openalex.org/W2040762031","https://openalex.org/W2046927444","https://openalex.org/W2050990527","https://openalex.org/W2058420621","https://openalex.org/W2062764479","https://openalex.org/W2063378868","https://openalex.org/W2071365762","https://openalex.org/W2086537964","https://openalex.org/W2096367114","https://openalex.org/W2097783118","https://openalex.org/W2100188138","https://openalex.org/W2100459684","https://openalex.org/W2102852529","https://openalex.org/W2106654062","https://openalex.org/W2119131940","https://openalex.org/W2124811735","https://openalex.org/W2125798768","https://openalex.org/W2141709306","https://openalex.org/W2147875900","https://openalex.org/W2164387557","https://openalex.org/W2180202399","https://openalex.org/W2260294776","https://openalex.org/W2292349685","https://openalex.org/W2414821123","https://openalex.org/W2479833421","https://openalex.org/W2550746066","https://openalex.org/W2560089215","https://openalex.org/W2567254260","https://openalex.org/W2589416060","https://openalex.org/W2731161691","https://openalex.org/W2763875174","https://openalex.org/W2783195820","https://openalex.org/W2888870177","https://openalex.org/W2900952343","https://openalex.org/W2950674223","https://openalex.org/W2979599153","https://openalex.org/W3024602437","https://openalex.org/W3027282642","https://openalex.org/W3084270918","https://openalex.org/W3097469349","https://openalex.org/W3102406364","https://openalex.org/W3186433071","https://openalex.org/W3186892149","https://openalex.org/W3208875364","https://openalex.org/W3209753291","https://openalex.org/W4213112027","https://openalex.org/W4299618721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078543352","https://openalex.org/W4383176134","https://openalex.org/W7091187126","https://openalex.org/W2592638345","https://openalex.org/W2589416060","https://openalex.org/W7212029787","https://openalex.org/W4367187838","https://openalex.org/W4405697617","https://openalex.org/W2523574927","https://openalex.org/W4388842647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"A":[1],"population":[2],"of":[3,27,34,45,49,69,82,93,122],"supermassive":[4],"black":[5],"hole":[6],"(SMBH)":[7],"binaries":[8],"is":[9,37,126,160],"expected":[10],"to":[11,29,64,110,128,164],"generate":[12],"a":[13,38,76,86,97,119],"stochastic":[14,71],"gravitational":[15,77],"wave":[16,78],"background":[17],"(SGWB)":[18],"in":[19,112,141],"the":[20,61,66,70,91,113,142,151,158,165,173],"pulsar":[21],"timing":[22],"array":[23],"(PTA)":[24],"frequency":[25,121,170,175],"range":[26],"10\u22129":[28],"$10^{-7}\\,":[30],"{\\rm":[31,124],"Hz}$.":[32],"Detection":[33],"this":[35,53],"signal":[36],"current":[39],"observational":[40],"goal":[41],"and":[42,85,96,108,135,144],"so":[43],"predictions":[44],"its":[46],"characteristics":[47],"are":[48,102],"significant":[50],"interest.":[51],"In":[52],"work,":[54],"we":[55],"use":[56],"SMBH":[57],"binary":[58,83],"mergers":[59],"from":[60],"MassiveBlackII":[62],"simulation":[63],"estimate":[65],"characteristic":[67,116],"strain":[68,117],"background.":[72],"We":[73],"examine":[74],"both":[75],"(GW)":[79],"driven":[80],"model":[81,87,168],"evolution":[84],"which":[88],"also":[89],"includes":[90],"effects":[92],"stellar":[94,145],"scattering":[95],"circumbinary":[98],"gas":[99],"disc.":[100],"Results":[101],"consistent":[103],"with":[104],"PTA":[105,174],"upper":[106],"limits":[107],"similar":[109],"estimates":[111],"literature.":[114],"The":[115],"at":[118],"reference":[120],"$1\\,":[123],"yr}^{-1}$":[125],"found":[127],"be":[129],"$A_{\\rm":[130,136],"{yr}^{-1}}=":[131,137],"6.9":[132],"\\times":[133,139],"10^{-16}$":[134,140],"6.4":[138],"GW-driven":[143,167],"scattering/gas":[146],"disc":[147],"cases,":[148],"respectively.":[149],"Using":[150],"latter":[152],"approach,":[153],"our":[154],"models":[155],"show":[156],"that":[157],"SGWB":[159],"mildly":[161],"suppressed":[162],"compared":[163],"purely":[166],"as":[169],"decreases":[171],"inside":[172],"band.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}