{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211207672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413","title":"The Gettier Problem","display_name":"The Gettier Problem","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211207672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781316827413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95910937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gettier-problem","display_name":"Gettier problem","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-knowledge","display_name":"nature of knowledge","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"epistemology","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fallibility","display_name":"fallibility","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning","display_name":"reasoning","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence","display_name":"evidence","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"reliability","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-tracking","display_name":"truth-tracking","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"context","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luck","display_name":"luck","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-virtues","display_name":"intellectual virtues","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wisdom","display_name":"wisdom","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-analysis","display_name":"conceptual analysis","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"intuition","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-philosophy","display_name":"experimental philosophy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explication","display_name":"explication","score":0.9760000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47167691588401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779118283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339862","display_name":"Title page","level":2,"score":0.41950419545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3587535619735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.22390958666801453}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781316827413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316827413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":318,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173485","https://openalex.org/W7102398","https://openalex.org/W18496841","https://openalex.org/W53129800","https://openalex.org/W88601605","https://openalex.org/W125920525","https://openalex.org/W174342562","https://openalex.org/W178384805","https://openalex.org/W193810561","https://openalex.org/W343338764","https://openalex.org/W584427138","https://openalex.org/W589150871","https://openalex.org/W600092995","https://openalex.org/W601963876","https://openalex.org/W620387456","https://openalex.org/W628102658","https://openalex.org/W629582156","https://openalex.org/W643003030","https://openalex.org/W650171096","https://openalex.org/W652876036","https://openalex.org/W654735546","https://openalex.org/W1032524570","https://openalex.org/W1485851585","https://openalex.org/W1487756945","https://openalex.org/W1499481187","https://openalex.org/W1503848103","https://openalex.org/W1508704962","https://openalex.org/W1511918851","https://openalex.org/W1522976497","https://openalex.org/W1532473514","https://openalex.org/W1536162017","https://openalex.org/W1536344018","https://openalex.org/W1537569693","https://openalex.org/W1546798033","https://openalex.org/W1548244421","https://openalex.org/W1550515411","https://openalex.org/W1550516784","https://openalex.org/W1556096785","https://openalex.org/W1559391190","https://openalex.org/W1567024224","https://openalex.org/W1568403290","https://openalex.org/W1568876824","https://openalex.org/W1569512884","https://openalex.org/W1572730674","https://openalex.org/W1584286270","https://openalex.org/W1587987675","https://openalex.org/W1590440571","https://openalex.org/W1591428544","https://openalex.org/W1598712080","https://openalex.org/W1599151805","https://openalex.org/W1600889739","https://openalex.org/W1602939817","https://openalex.org/W1606116352","https://openalex.org/W1619176910","https://openalex.org/W1717357685","https://openalex.org/W1722720842","https://openalex.org/W1765971423","https://openalex.org/W1788467775","https://openalex.org/W1882172219","https://openalex.org/W1901846886","https://openalex.org/W1921046934","https://openalex.org/W1923609436","https://openalex.org/W1947022981","https://openalex.org/W1955583092","https://openalex.org/W1963596518","https://openalex.org/W1963789284","https://openalex.org/W1966129247","https://openalex.org/W1967345116","https://openalex.org/W1969008837","https://openalex.org/W1969085536","https://openalex.org/W1969439334","https://openalex.org/W1970593305","https://openalex.org/W1972891593","https://openalex.org/W1973052316","https://openalex.org/W1975946204","https://openalex.org/W1977467634","https://openalex.org/W1977826439","https://openalex.org/W1979048954","https://openalex.org/W1980787102","https://openalex.org/W1980995443","https://openalex.org/W1982775046","https://openalex.org/W1984705883","https://openalex.org/W1993882778","https://openalex.org/W1995905854","https://openalex.org/W1997355618","https://openalex.org/W1998668050","https://openalex.org/W1999210473","https://openalex.org/W1999573898","https://openalex.org/W1999643582","https://openalex.org/W2001214556","https://openalex.org/W2002865147","https://openalex.org/W2003779257","https://openalex.org/W2005698610","https://openalex.org/W2005787091","https://openalex.org/W2009822870","https://openalex.org/W2012788680","https://openalex.org/W2013685356","https://openalex.org/W2013935864","https://openalex.org/W2014333004","https://openalex.org/W2015045778","https://openalex.org/W2015118265","https://openalex.org/W2016621730","https://openalex.org/W2018723661","https://openalex.org/W2019972101","https://openalex.org/W2022927324","https://openalex.org/W2022984072","https://openalex.org/W2023630957","https://openalex.org/W2023634229","https://openalex.org/W2027587892","https://openalex.org/W2027999187","https://openalex.org/W2029709650","https://openalex.org/W2031159303","https://openalex.org/W2032232876","https://openalex.org/W2032528923","https://openalex.org/W2033062891","https://openalex.org/W2034881250","https://openalex.org/W2038047134","https://openalex.org/W2040203756","https://openalex.org/W2042256831","https://openalex.org/W2042937030","https://openalex.org/W2045515587","https://openalex.org/W2046712973","https://openalex.org/W2049244520","https://openalex.org/W2049957691","https://openalex.org/W2053665063","https://openalex.org/W2054015652","https://openalex.org/W2054228244","https://openalex.org/W2056852978","https://openalex.org/W2056860013","https://openalex.org/W2057937088","https://openalex.org/W2060196211","https://openalex.org/W2061470644","https://openalex.org/W2063661654","https://openalex.org/W2064764221","https://openalex.org/W2065959421","https://openalex.org/W2066398101","https://openalex.org/W2067693346","https://openalex.org/W2068809096","https://openalex.org/W2072298249","https://openalex.org/W2073380568","https://openalex.org/W2075246687","https://openalex.org/W2077714642","https://openalex.org/W2078206416","https://openalex.org/W2078382089","https://openalex.org/W2081718739","https://openalex.org/W2081732667","https://openalex.org/W2084283376","https://openalex.org/W2089480524","https://openalex.org/W2089799012","https://openalex.org/W2092707543","https://openalex.org/W2093179431","https://openalex.org/W2094298389","https://openalex.org/W2096203959","https://openalex.org/W2097075770","https://openalex.org/W2098393407","https://openalex.org/W2101406057","https://openalex.org/W2103339788","https://openalex.org/W2104166711","https://openalex.org/W2105460663","https://openalex.org/W2107552645","https://openalex.org/W2111135488","https://openalex.org/W2111406073","https://openalex.org/W2113321196","https://openalex.org/W2113397006","https://openalex.org/W2117530043","https://openalex.org/W2126510731","https://openalex.org/W2130982859","https://openalex.org/W2133205096","https://openalex.org/W2134660549","https://openalex.org/W2140116216","https://openalex.org/W2145661212","https://openalex.org/W2148976510","https://openalex.org/W2152444902","https://openalex.org/W2154210881","https://openalex.org/W2157338117","https://openalex.org/W2164250871","https://openalex.org/W2167208302","https://openalex.org/W2167832813","https://openalex.org/W2213314869","https://openalex.org/W2235992134","https://openalex.org/W2255540128","https://openalex.org/W2269193076","https://openalex.org/W2270106044","https://openalex.org/W2271027062","https://openalex.org/W2273114103","https://openalex.org/W2276736385","https://openalex.org/W2284245210","https://openalex.org/W2284672934","https://openalex.org/W2288822583","https://openalex.org/W2314065806","https://openalex.org/W2322777383","https://openalex.org/W2325488734","https://openalex.org/W2325682060","https://openalex.org/W2327106561","https://openalex.org/W2327682760","https://openalex.org/W2328530788","https://openalex.org/W2328849888","https://openalex.org/W2330263363","https://openalex.org/W2331059367","https://openalex.org/W2331066937","https://openalex.org/W2331227228","https://openalex.org/W2335062650","https://openalex.org/W2341477109","https://openalex.org/W2342947023","https://openalex.org/W2345219568","https://openalex.org/W2346631310","https://openalex.org/W2349317547","https://openalex.org/W2407211425","https://openalex.org/W2472559660","https://openalex.org/W2475797563","https://openalex.org/W2478456423","https://openalex.org/W2484037158","https://openalex.org/W2484155623","https://openalex.org/W2488056251","https://openalex.org/W2488758683","https://openalex.org/W2489484069","https://openalex.org/W2490872486","https://openalex.org/W2492922917","https://openalex.org/W2495486333","https://openalex.org/W2495570251","https://openalex.org/W2496338143","https://openalex.org/W2496678338","https://openalex.org/W2502495102","https://openalex.org/W2519427875","https://openalex.org/W2522659683","https://openalex.org/W2524483968","https://openalex.org/W2527047284","https://openalex.org/W2530923676","https://openalex.org/W2600222818","https://openalex.org/W2606653434","https://openalex.org/W2607499532","https://openalex.org/W2615322227","https://openalex.org/W2736933901","https://openalex.org/W2740323646","https://openalex.org/W2747625183","https://openalex.org/W2748201222","https://openalex.org/W2787687324","https://openalex.org/W2787814069","https://openalex.org/W2790584457","https://openalex.org/W2903821765","https://openalex.org/W2909619957","https://openalex.org/W2911761509","https://openalex.org/W2971372482","https://openalex.org/W2978086408","https://openalex.org/W3080781796","https://openalex.org/W3121309314","https://openalex.org/W3127507699","https://openalex.org/W3127955956","https://openalex.org/W3128826957","https://openalex.org/W3129051990","https://openalex.org/W3135860117","https://openalex.org/W3171543844","https://openalex.org/W3180456649","https://openalex.org/W3195700337","https://openalex.org/W3199159059","https://openalex.org/W4210481736","https://openalex.org/W4210906009","https://openalex.org/W4212874497","https://openalex.org/W4230590913","https://openalex.org/W4230697696","https://openalex.org/W4232758249","https://openalex.org/W4232814730","https://openalex.org/W4234018011","https://openalex.org/W4234471143","https://openalex.org/W4235572351","https://openalex.org/W4236323060","https://openalex.org/W4236851698","https://openalex.org/W4237462899","https://openalex.org/W4238442794","https://openalex.org/W4238538121","https://openalex.org/W4239189507","https://openalex.org/W4239528970","https://openalex.org/W4240626683","https://openalex.org/W4241909653","https://openalex.org/W4242331858","https://openalex.org/W4242429167","https://openalex.org/W4242671270","https://openalex.org/W4243176796","https://openalex.org/W4243187869","https://openalex.org/W4243494471","https://openalex.org/W4243890151","https://openalex.org/W4243895797","https://openalex.org/W4244383703","https://openalex.org/W4245522630","https://openalex.org/W4246756459","https://openalex.org/W4247284182","https://openalex.org/W4250032227","https://openalex.org/W4250582129","https://openalex.org/W4250643089","https://openalex.org/W4251521881","https://openalex.org/W4252591847","https://openalex.org/W4253013424","https://openalex.org/W4253689767","https://openalex.org/W4253691939","https://openalex.org/W4253842439","https://openalex.org/W4254185141","https://openalex.org/W4254483136","https://openalex.org/W4254879009","https://openalex.org/W4256040766","https://openalex.org/W4256473140","https://openalex.org/W4291376647","https://openalex.org/W4297578202","https://openalex.org/W4299448046","https://openalex.org/W4299688476","https://openalex.org/W4299868996","https://openalex.org/W4299947740","https://openalex.org/W4301711072","https://openalex.org/W4301949865","https://openalex.org/W4302320988","https://openalex.org/W4388212946","https://openalex.org/W4388338889","https://openalex.org/W4391907295","https://openalex.org/W4393025596","https://openalex.org/W6640074321","https://openalex.org/W6696447418","https://openalex.org/W6704738165","https://openalex.org/W6727847045","https://openalex.org/W7075598942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135466387","https://openalex.org/W2475797563","https://openalex.org/W4246618377","https://openalex.org/W2339713655","https://openalex.org/W4239935767","https://openalex.org/W7165923111","https://openalex.org/W44166075","https://openalex.org/W7214448039","https://openalex.org/W3119718590","https://openalex.org/W2353400893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"philosophers":[1],"try":[2],"to":[3,11,29,38],"understand":[4],"the":[5,13,55,90,136],"nature":[6,137],"of":[7,25,49,57,78,120,123,138],"knowledge,":[8],"they":[9],"have":[10,83],"confront":[12],"Gettier":[14,91],"problem.":[15],"This":[16,43],"problem,":[17,92],"set":[18],"out":[19],"in":[20],"Edmund":[21],"Gettier's":[22,60],"famous":[23],"paper":[24],"1963,":[26],"has":[27,33],"yet":[28],"be":[30],"solved,":[31],"and":[32,51,62,73,112],"challenged":[34],"our":[35],"best":[36],"attempts":[37],"define":[39],"what":[40],"knowledge":[41,81],"is.":[42],"volume":[44],"offers":[45],"an":[46,117],"organised":[47],"sequence":[48],"accessible":[50],"distinctive":[52],"chapters":[53,71],"explaining":[54],"history":[56],"debate":[58,65],"surrounding":[59],"challenge,":[61],"where":[63],"that":[64,82],"should":[66],"take":[67],"us":[68],"next.":[69],"The":[70,114],"describe":[72],"evaluate":[74],"a":[75],"wide":[76],"range":[77],"ideas":[79,130],"about":[80],"been":[84],"sparked":[85],"by":[86],"philosophical":[87],"engagements":[88],"with":[89,128],"including":[93],"such":[94],"phenomena":[95],"as":[96],"fallibility,":[97],"reasoning,":[98],"evidence,":[99],"reliability,":[100],"truth-tracking,":[101],"context,":[102],"luck,":[103],"intellectual":[104],"virtue,":[105],"wisdom,":[106],"conceptual":[107],"analysis,":[108],"intuition,":[109],"experimental":[110],"philosophy,":[111],"explication.":[113],"result":[115],"is":[116],"authoritative":[118],"survey":[119],"fifty-plus":[121],"years":[122],"epistemological":[124],"research":[125,133],"-":[126],"along":[127],"provocative":[129],"for":[131],"future":[132],"\u2013":[134],"into":[135],"knowledge.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}