{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211073508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158","title":"Necessary Existents","display_name":"Necessary Existents","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211073508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1358246100008158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61402464","display_name":"Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement","issn_l":"1358-2461","issn":["1358-2461","1755-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007201391","display_name":"Timothy L. Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-8672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-8672"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007201391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66556315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"233","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.5288000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.4016000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necessary-existence","display_name":"necessary existence","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingent-existence","display_name":"contingent existence","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics-of-existence","display_name":"metaphysics of existence","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"contingency","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal-metaphysics","display_name":"metaphysics of modality","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150","display_name":"Fallacy","level":2,"score":0.7096447944641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.6915807723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.613091766834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535975","display_name":"Burden of proof","level":2,"score":0.5511007308959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5037094950675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.46033012866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18555238842964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09631326794624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08909085392951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1358246100008158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61402464","display_name":"Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement","issn_l":"1358-2461","issn":["1358-2461","1755-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W398415426","https://openalex.org/W1544798111","https://openalex.org/W1984774407","https://openalex.org/W2067907950","https://openalex.org/W2164014601","https://openalex.org/W2255545310","https://openalex.org/W2491810906","https://openalex.org/W4229878382","https://openalex.org/W4237484847","https://openalex.org/W4239399053","https://openalex.org/W4244036072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6913108801","https://openalex.org/W4244211566","https://openalex.org/W2803199517","https://openalex.org/W2598051969","https://openalex.org/W4238889858","https://openalex.org/W4239616319","https://openalex.org/W7117861070","https://openalex.org/W2904922858","https://openalex.org/W1804713011","https://openalex.org/W4240562160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,70],"seems":[1,36],"obvious":[2],"that":[3,38,74,85,106],"I":[4,20,90],"could":[5,12,45,51],"have":[6,15,23,46,52],"failed":[7,47],"to":[8,31,48,87,98],"exist.":[9,49],"My":[10],"parents":[11],"easily":[13],"never":[14,22],"met,":[16],"in":[17,41],"which":[18],"case":[19],"should":[21],"been":[24],"conceived":[25],"and":[26,43,95],"born.":[27],"The":[28],"like":[29,60],"applies":[30],"everyone.":[32],"More":[33],"generally,":[34],"it":[35,133,145],"plausible":[37],"whatever":[39],"exists":[40],"space":[42],"time":[44],"Events":[50],"taken":[53],"an":[54,111],"utterly":[55],"different":[56],"course.":[57],"Our":[58],"existence,":[59,82],"most":[61],"other":[62],"aspects":[63],"of":[64,79,100,109],"our":[65],"lives,":[66],"appears":[67],"frighteningly":[68],"contingent.":[69],"is":[71,76,105,141],"therefore":[72],"surprising":[73],"there":[75],"a":[77,83,107],"proof":[78,84,94,121],"my":[80],"necessary":[81],"generalizes":[86],"everything":[88],"what-soever.":[89],"will":[91],"explain":[92],"the":[93,120,139,149],"discuss":[96],"what":[97],"make":[99],"it.":[101],"A":[102],"first":[103,152],"reaction":[104],"\u2018proof\u2019":[108],"such":[110],"outrageous":[112],"conclusion":[113,140],"must":[114],"contain":[115],"some":[116],"dreadful":[117],"fallacy.":[118],"Yet":[119],"does":[122],"not":[123,142,147],"collapse":[124],"under":[125],"scrutiny.":[126],"Further":[127],"reflection":[128],"suggests":[129],"that,":[130],"suitably":[131],"interpreted,":[132,138],"may":[134,146],"be":[135,148],"sound.":[136],"So":[137],"outrageous,":[143],"although":[144],"view":[150],"you":[151],"thought":[153],"of.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}