{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211022355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","title":"Remodelling and Rehabilitation of Irrigation Outlets in Water Distribution of Canals in Punjab, Pakistan","display_name":"Remodelling and Rehabilitation of Irrigation Outlets in Water Distribution of Canals in Punjab, Pakistan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211022355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","pdf_url":"https://publications.muet.edu.pk/index.php/muetrj/article/download/2363/576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736668738","display_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"0254-7821","issn":["0254-7821","2413-7219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319283","host_organization_name":"Mehran University of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319283"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mehran University of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://publications.muet.edu.pk/index.php/muetrj/article/download/2363/576","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003541021","display_name":"Talat Farid Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-0100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6382-0100"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talat Farid Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103708941","display_name":"Hashim Nisar Hashmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hashim Nisar Hashimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062138074","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279767","display_name":"Pakistan Engineering Council","ror":"https://ror.org/01zb1ab52","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800666866","https://openalex.org/I4392738160","https://openalex.org/I4405279767"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pakistan Engineering Council, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pakistan Engineering Council, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110927641","display_name":"Muhammad Attiqullah Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Attiqullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091784161","display_name":"Muhammad Azeem Afzal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Azeem Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":10000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48814348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.2094999998807907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discharge-coefficient","display_name":"discharge coefficient","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-calibration","display_name":"field calibration","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-theft","display_name":"water theft","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-distribution","display_name":"water distribution","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.747072696685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153136566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3631460","display_name":"Kharif crop","level":3,"score":0.6765280961990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206700591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408124","display_name":"Siltation","level":3,"score":0.6697613000869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.5124297738075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.4866793751716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.45363008975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45272213220596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.43093952536582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42475730180740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3323535919189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3255544900894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.32305094599723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.304095983505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17481282353401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13130217790603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.12139269709587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10993120074272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","pdf_url":"https://publications.muet.edu.pk/index.php/muetrj/article/download/2363/576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736668738","display_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"0254-7821","issn":["0254-7821","2413-7219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319283","host_organization_name":"Mehran University of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319283"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mehran University of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13338d3447d4420bb1afd83185fbea06","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13338d3447d4420bb1afd83185fbea06","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 41, Iss 1, Pp 135-145 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/633rp-hvh32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/633rp-hvh32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/633rp-hvh32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/bz673-15n57","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/bz673-15n57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/bz673-15n57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2201.14","pdf_url":"https://publications.muet.edu.pk/index.php/muetrj/article/download/2363/576","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736668738","display_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"0254-7821","issn":["0254-7821","2413-7219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319283","host_organization_name":"Mehran University of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319283"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mehran University of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8571000099182129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211022355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4211022355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995083369","https://openalex.org/W2032724132","https://openalex.org/W2122522444","https://openalex.org/W2125151010","https://openalex.org/W2128716996","https://openalex.org/W2274220237","https://openalex.org/W2460910391","https://openalex.org/W2520491895","https://openalex.org/W2524769498","https://openalex.org/W2895910388","https://openalex.org/W2899482596","https://openalex.org/W3165495610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751900683","https://openalex.org/W2611976095","https://openalex.org/W2075969849","https://openalex.org/W2907109061","https://openalex.org/W1980676973","https://openalex.org/W2349876618","https://openalex.org/W4404869187","https://openalex.org/W1524163731","https://openalex.org/W1486129585","https://openalex.org/W2280825849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"highlights":[2],"the":[3,7,10,17,23,35,56,130,146,156,180,197,200,238,245,250,256,258,294],"problems":[4,110],"associated":[5],"with":[6],"outlets":[8,28,92,104,148,167,177,239,269,304],"in":[9,114,185,203,218,224,313],"irrigation":[11,85,147,246],"system":[12],"of":[13,19,26,34,47,58,65,96,109,117,121,124,134,138,145,183,199,212,215,267,303,311],"Pakistan,":[14],"leading":[15,297],"to":[16,21,31,172,193,235,279,291,298,306],"design":[18,302],"outlets,":[20,132],"trace":[22],"gradual":[24],"evolution":[25],"various":[27,265],"types":[29,36],"and":[30,45,77,83,140,221,244,260,263,284,300,305],"describe":[32],"most":[33],"that":[37,55,150],"have":[38,50],"been":[39,51],"evolved":[40],"so":[41,54],"far.":[42],"The":[43,187],"advantages":[44],"limitations":[46],"each":[48],"type":[49,60],"examined":[52],"critically":[53],"selection":[57],"a":[59,74,107,204,209],"for":[61,136,160,164],"any":[62],"particular":[63],"set":[64],"conditions":[66],"may":[67,105],"be":[68,241],"rendered":[69],"easy.":[70],"An":[71,287],"outlet":[72],"is":[73,275,289],"flow":[75],"measuring":[76],"controlling":[78],"device":[79],"between":[80],"farmer\u2019s":[81],"land":[82],"an":[84,94],"system.":[86],"In":[87,233],"Punjab":[88],"about":[89],"fifty":[90],"thousand":[91],"irrigate":[93],"area":[95],"approximately":[97],"25.5":[98],"million":[99],"acres":[100],"annually.":[101],"Improperly":[102],"designed":[103,157,170,174,262],"cause":[106,182],"number":[108],"such":[111],"as":[112,166],"variation":[113],"their":[115,151,173,271,309],"coefficients":[116],"discharge,":[118],"inequitable":[119],"distribution":[120],"water,":[122],"silting":[123,184],"canals,":[125],"inadequate":[126],"availability":[127],"water":[128,139,217,223],"at":[129],"lowest":[131],"lack":[133],"incentives":[135],"saving":[137],"poor":[141],"drainage.":[142],"Field":[143],"calibration":[144],"proved":[149],"calibrated":[152],"Cd.":[153,158],"vary":[154],"from":[155,196],"(0.6":[159],"OF":[161],"&":[162],"0.9":[163],"AOSM),":[165],"were":[168,178,227],"not":[169],"according":[171],"parameters.":[175],"Defective":[176],"also":[179],"main":[181],"canals.":[186],"pipe-cum-semi":[188],"module":[189],"was":[190],"very":[191],"helpful":[192],"draw":[194],"silt":[195],"bed":[198],"parent":[201],"channel":[202],"case":[205],"if":[206],"we":[207],"want":[208],"higher":[210],"setting":[211],"outlet.":[213],"20%":[214],"canal":[216],"Rabi":[219],"season":[220,226],"40%":[222],"Kharif":[225],"snatched":[228],"by":[229],"illegally":[230],"Theft":[231],"problem.":[232],"order":[234],"prevent":[236],"theft,":[237],"should":[240,248],"tamper":[242],"proof":[243],"department":[247],"adopt":[249],"legal":[251],"procedure":[252],"strictly.":[253],"All":[254],"over":[255],"world,":[257],"engineers":[259],"farmers":[261],"installed":[264],"kinds":[266],"farm":[268],"suiting":[270],"local":[272],"conditions.":[273],"Work":[274],"being":[276],"carried":[277],"out":[278],"make":[280],"them":[281],"structurally,":[282],"hydraulically":[283],"economically":[285],"fit.":[286],"attempt":[288],"made":[290],"bring":[292],"all":[293],"information":[295],"together":[296],"economical":[299],"efficient":[301],"look":[307],"upon":[308],"possibility":[310],"adaptability":[312],"Pakistan.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-02-13T00:00:00"}