{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210445751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","title":"The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Adolescents\u2019 Moral Decision Making and Moral Behavior","display_name":"The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Adolescents\u2019 Moral Decision Making and Moral Behavior","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210445751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800106","display_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","issn_l":"1735-7799","issn":["1735-7799","2008-1375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036581738","display_name":"Sima Borun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-9084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-9084"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sima Borun","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz International University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-9084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz International University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067644987","display_name":"Mahboubeh Fooladcheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahboubeh Fooladcheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113739743","display_name":"Bahram Jokar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahram Jokar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-7371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000989658","display_name":"Farideh Yousefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-689X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-689X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farideh Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-689X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35983397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"434","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial direct current stimulation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-behavior","display_name":"moral behavior","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-sensitivity","display_name":"ethical sensitivity","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-high-school-students","display_name":"high school girls","score":0.8320000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.9423403739929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6751614809036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6313206553459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994541713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192568","display_name":"Moral dilemma","level":2,"score":0.554317057132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.5408094525337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4979081153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776768071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403402","display_name":"Ethical decision","level":2,"score":0.49688461422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4575125575065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4572974145412445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4476968050003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.44426053762435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.36549293994903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35286375880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3243825435638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23123696446418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13476219773292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10925599932670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10270354151725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07368728518486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800106","display_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","issn_l":"1735-7799","issn":["1735-7799","2008-1375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25988733fbc34e278d8fb7ba44f82020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25988733fbc34e278d8fb7ba44f82020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i D\u0101nishg\u0101h-i \u0312Ul\u016bm-i Pizishk\u012b-i Qum, Vol 15, Iss 6, Pp 434-443 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800106","display_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","issn_l":"1735-7799","issn":["1735-7799","2008-1375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319018","host_organization_name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319018"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Qom University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Qom Univ Med Sci J","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226170123","https://openalex.org/W7203495250","https://openalex.org/W2765686859","https://openalex.org/W7099812160","https://openalex.org/W1504666867","https://openalex.org/W2382015271","https://openalex.org/W3140232049","https://openalex.org/W2902690505","https://openalex.org/W2039192917","https://openalex.org/W2052911429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,11,34,64,83,94,103,146,157,200,225,243],"Objectives:":[2],"The":[3,19,38,73,133],"study":[4,23,43],"of":[5,15,21,29,40,70,99,108,117,153,189,203,219,233],"interventions":[6],"for":[7],"improving":[8],"decision":[9,155],"making":[10,156],"ethical":[12,154,158],"behavior":[13,159,202],"are":[14],"interest":[16],"to":[17,25,162,215],"researcher.":[18],"aim":[20],"this":[22,220,235],"was":[24,88,122,138],"investigate":[26],"the":[27,41,77,91,96,100,143,147,151,163,167,173,198,217,231],"effect":[28,196],"tDCS":[30,144,168,190],"on":[31,124,197],"adolescents\u2019":[32],"decision-making":[33,199],"moral":[35,201],"behavior.":[36],"Methods:":[37],"method":[39],"present":[42],"is":[44,213],"quasi-experimental":[45],"with":[46,50,90,114,222],"a":[47,51,115,139,178,186,194],"pretest-posttest":[48],"design":[49],"control":[52,148,174],"group.":[53,175],"32":[54],"female":[55,209],"high":[56,207],"school":[57,208],"students":[58],"in":[59,105,150,165,226,230,241],"Tehran":[60],"were":[61,128],"randomly":[62,65],"selected":[63],"divided":[66],"into":[67],"two":[68],"groups":[69,224],"16":[71],"people.":[72],"instruments":[74],"used":[75],"included":[76],"Ethical":[78,80,84],"Sensitivity,":[79],"Decision":[81],"Making,":[82],"Behavior.":[85],"Brain":[86],"stimulation":[87,192],"performed":[89,123,170],"TDCS":[92],"device":[93],"at":[95],"DLPFC":[97],"point":[98],"brain":[101,191],"anodally":[102],"unilaterally":[104],"six":[106],"sessions":[107],"20":[109],"minutes,":[110],"24":[111],"hours":[112],"apart,":[113],"voltage":[116],"2":[118],"mA.":[119],"Then,":[120],"post-test":[121],"both":[125],"groups.":[126],"Data":[127],"analyzed":[129],"using":[130],"t-test.":[131],"Results:":[132],"results":[134],"showed":[135],"that":[136,185],"there":[137],"significant":[140],"difference":[141,164],"between":[142],"group":[145,149,169],"variables":[152],"(P<0.0001).":[160],"Due":[161],"means,":[166],"better":[171],"than":[172],"Conclusion:":[176],"In":[177],"general":[179],"conclusion,":[180],"it":[181,212,237],"can":[182],"be":[183,239],"stated":[184],"6-session":[187],"course":[188],"has":[193],"positive":[195],"ninth":[204],"grade":[205],"junior":[206],"students,":[210],"so":[211],"necessary":[214],"examine":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"intervention":[221],"different":[223],"various":[227],"conditions.":[228],"And":[229],"case":[232],"confirming":[234],"finding,":[236],"should":[238],"considered":[240],"counseling":[242],"planning":[244],"centers.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2022-02-08T00:00:00"}