{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210360699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050","title":"The Mechanism of Nonenzymatic Template Copying with Imidazole\u2010Activated Nucleotides","display_name":"The Mechanism of Nonenzymatic Template Copying with Imidazole\u2010Activated Nucleotides","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210360699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ange.201902050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200754","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie","issn_l":"0044-8249","issn":["0044-8249","0932-2140","1521-3757"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032224639","display_name":"Travis Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271026","display_name":"Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qt3xv71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648480","display_name":"Wen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-4384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-4384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271026","display_name":"Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qt3xv71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-4384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361411","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-5782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-5782","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-2177"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271026","display_name":"Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qt3xv71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-5782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091220608","display_name":"Chun Pong Tam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-9011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-9011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271026","display_name":"Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qt3xv71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Pong Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","Present address: Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-9011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Present address: Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023274897","display_name":"Jack W. Szostak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-1203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-1203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271026","display_name":"Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01qt3xv71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack W. Szostak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023274897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4405271026"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82283969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"131","issue":"32","first_page":"10926","last_page":"10933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12191","display_name":"Physical Organic Chemistry and Reaction Kinetics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-life","display_name":"origin of life","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleophilic-substitution-mechanism","display_name":"nucleophilic substitution mechanism","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-kinetics","display_name":"reaction kinetics","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512185932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28745","display_name":"Nucleotide","level":3,"score":0.7843929529190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7280162572860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129312508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133686","display_name":"Oligonucleotide","level":3,"score":0.7130693793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777563447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","level":2,"score":0.5339376330375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5242695808410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.49945974349975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.481315016746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194857396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382878","display_name":"Primer extension","level":4,"score":0.4577575623989105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780874372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328692","display_name":"Imidazole","level":2,"score":0.45535898208618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34402","display_name":"Ribonucleoside","level":4,"score":0.43016138672828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.2839343547821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.21940886974334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.15321442484855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ange.201902050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200754","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie","issn_l":"0044-8249","issn":["0044-8249","0932-2140","1521-3757"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2648730350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"290363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5914513919","display_name":"Non-Enzymatic RNA Replication","funder_award_id":"1607034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559168336","https://openalex.org/W1972602184","https://openalex.org/W1977455877","https://openalex.org/W1995143868","https://openalex.org/W1996889491","https://openalex.org/W1997047044","https://openalex.org/W1997279713","https://openalex.org/W2003825614","https://openalex.org/W2017451048","https://openalex.org/W2026160951","https://openalex.org/W2033816658","https://openalex.org/W2035016120","https://openalex.org/W2050836931","https://openalex.org/W2064064572","https://openalex.org/W2065742859","https://openalex.org/W2066088682","https://openalex.org/W2068866177","https://openalex.org/W2107746141","https://openalex.org/W2114044732","https://openalex.org/W2135676218","https://openalex.org/W2144506606","https://openalex.org/W2285306980","https://openalex.org/W2301490942","https://openalex.org/W2404300937","https://openalex.org/W2467190354","https://openalex.org/W2512565170","https://openalex.org/W2548157820","https://openalex.org/W2569493442","https://openalex.org/W2583079108","https://openalex.org/W2726371753","https://openalex.org/W2762359702","https://openalex.org/W2776912831","https://openalex.org/W2790554722","https://openalex.org/W2903924133","https://openalex.org/W4229741828","https://openalex.org/W4246013171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378746493","https://openalex.org/W2512565170","https://openalex.org/W2903924133","https://openalex.org/W3025679535","https://openalex.org/W4206447438","https://openalex.org/W4409879661","https://openalex.org/W3130151779","https://openalex.org/W3049126441","https://openalex.org/W2583079108","https://openalex.org/W2467190354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,48],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,6,16,24,34,41,72,78,85,112,131],"the":[4,14,22,39,52,70,73,76,79,86,101,110,129,136],"replication":[5],"RNA":[7,45],"oligonucleotides":[8],"was":[9,59],"a":[10,31,63,121],"critical":[11],"step":[12],"in":[13,68,145],"origin":[15],"life.":[17],"An":[18],"important":[19],"model":[20,93],"for":[21,142],"study":[23],"nonenzymatic":[25],"template":[26,146],"copying,":[27],"which":[28,51,69],"would":[29],"be":[30,62,98],"key":[32],"part":[33],"any":[35],"such":[36],"pathway,":[37],"involves":[38],"reaction":[40,67,111],"ribonucleoside\u20105\u2032\u2010phosphorimidazolides":[42],"with":[43,83,116],"an":[44],"primer/template":[46],"complex.":[47],"mechanism":[49],"by":[50,56],"primer":[53,74],"becomes":[54],"extended":[55],"one":[57],"nucleotide":[58],"assumed":[60],"to":[61,97,108,119],"classical":[64],"in\u2010line":[65],"nucleophilic\u2010substitution":[66],"3\u2032\u2010hydroxyl":[71],"attacks":[75],"phosphate":[77],"incoming":[80],"activated":[81,114],"monomer":[82],"displacement":[84],"imidazole":[87],"leaving":[88],"group.":[89],"Surprisingly,":[90],"this":[91,132],"simple":[92],"has":[94,104],"turned":[95],"out":[96],"incorrect,":[99],"and":[100,135,139],"dominant":[102],"pathway":[103],"now":[105],"been":[106],"shown":[107],"involve":[109],"two":[113],"nucleotides":[115],"each":[117],"other":[118],"form":[120],"5\u2032\u20135\u2032\u2010imidazolium":[122],"bridged":[123],"dinucleotide":[124],"intermediate.":[125],"Here":[126],"we":[127],"review":[128],"discovery":[130],"unexpected":[133],"intermediate,":[134],"chemical,":[137],"kinetic,":[138],"structural":[140],"evidence":[141],"its":[143],"role":[144],"copying":[147],"chemistry.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-02-08T00:00:00"}