{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206935554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","title":"A bi-objective green closed-loop supply chain with retailer's location and possibility allocating vertices by probabilistic customers","display_name":"A bi-objective green closed-loop supply chain with retailer's location and possibility allocating vertices by probabilistic customers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206935554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1283714/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1283714/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025403927","display_name":"Omid Keramatlou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111814","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa5tb56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Keramatlou","raw_affiliation_strings":["islamic azad university,ali abad katoul","Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"islamic azad university,ali abad katoul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056912369","display_name":"Nikbakhsh Javadian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-7681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-7681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123173325","display_name":"Mazandaran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03s3hf581","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123173325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111814","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa5tb56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikbakhsh Javadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul","Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, babol, Iran,","Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, babol, Iran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123173325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044038741","display_name":"Hosein Didehkhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-0128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111814","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa5tb56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hosein Didehkhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024681674","display_name":"Mohammad Amirkhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-0746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-0746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111814","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa5tb56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Amirkhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul","Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"islamic azad university ,ali abd katoul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of industrial engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044038741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111814"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-supply-chain","display_name":"closed-loop supply chain","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-supply-chain","display_name":"green supply chain","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-location-allocation","display_name":"facility location-allocation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-pollution","display_name":"environmental pollution","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bi-objective-optimization","display_name":"bi-objective optimization","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nsga-ii","display_name":"NSGA-II","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-optimization","display_name":"metaheuristic optimization","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-hard-problems","display_name":"NP-hard problems","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6512389779090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6407172679901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5198433995246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5020666122436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4969542324542999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.47513440251350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4633024334907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4549753665924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108005400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1305598","display_name":"Facility location problem","level":2,"score":0.42213889956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.42185184359550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4118542969226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22322174906730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15741252899169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15569552779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12330570816993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1283714/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1283714/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1283714/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206935554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206935554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1166924652","https://openalex.org/W2005170914","https://openalex.org/W2005839045","https://openalex.org/W2026164335","https://openalex.org/W2050972847","https://openalex.org/W2062962774","https://openalex.org/W2064467249","https://openalex.org/W2297184678","https://openalex.org/W2319890193","https://openalex.org/W2321035786","https://openalex.org/W2344267577","https://openalex.org/W2509469562","https://openalex.org/W2577445929","https://openalex.org/W2616594782","https://openalex.org/W2729136878","https://openalex.org/W2732970733","https://openalex.org/W2750001631","https://openalex.org/W2755872041","https://openalex.org/W2764010281","https://openalex.org/W2767680905","https://openalex.org/W2771856748","https://openalex.org/W2790445747","https://openalex.org/W2793970837","https://openalex.org/W2795036771","https://openalex.org/W2802184497","https://openalex.org/W2808241045","https://openalex.org/W2885663734","https://openalex.org/W2888886031","https://openalex.org/W2891025424","https://openalex.org/W2898539752","https://openalex.org/W2910640441","https://openalex.org/W2918731184","https://openalex.org/W2936631572","https://openalex.org/W2942375555","https://openalex.org/W2944152275","https://openalex.org/W2952259026","https://openalex.org/W2964575432","https://openalex.org/W2973767826","https://openalex.org/W2982364906","https://openalex.org/W2996911727","https://openalex.org/W3006564001","https://openalex.org/W3014122949","https://openalex.org/W3022974919","https://openalex.org/W3042859108","https://openalex.org/W3047874401","https://openalex.org/W3048694900","https://openalex.org/W3081082874","https://openalex.org/W3094450117","https://openalex.org/W3109076998","https://openalex.org/W3120485983","https://openalex.org/W3128796703","https://openalex.org/W3167676165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400980034","https://openalex.org/W3195372689","https://openalex.org/W4205846165","https://openalex.org/W4407231854","https://openalex.org/W2899742786","https://openalex.org/W4385672970","https://openalex.org/W6987732023","https://openalex.org/W4246380108","https://openalex.org/W1211197113","https://openalex.org/W2611991114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"closed-loop":[2,31],"supply":[3,24,32],"chain":[4,25,33],"networks":[5],"include":[6],"the":[7,11,38,50,66,78,99,108,145,150,153,164,167,173,179,182,194,202,205,219],"return":[8],"processes":[9],"and":[10,41,47,61,71,117,123,141,143,163,200,213,218],"producers":[12],"aim":[13],"to":[14,36,82,97,198],"capture":[15],"additional":[16],"values":[17],"by":[18,74,104,158],"considering":[19],"further":[20],"integration":[21],"of":[22,43,52,68,80,110,166,181,204],"all":[23],"activities.":[26],"In":[27,90],"this":[28,91,126],"paper,":[29],"a":[30,128,160,184,208],"is":[34,88,133,156,176,191,211],"modeled":[35],"obtain":[37],"best":[39,100,146,154,168],"allocation":[40,155],"location":[42],"retailers":[44,103,169],"including":[45],"production":[46],"distribution":[48],"centers,":[49,56],"warehouse":[51],"manufactured":[53],"products,":[54],"retailers'":[55],"probabilistic":[57],"customers,":[58],"collection,":[59],"repair,":[60],"disposal":[62],"centers":[63],"so":[64],"that":[65],"amount":[67],"environmental":[69],"pollution":[70],"CO2":[72,81],"emissions":[73],"taking":[75],"into":[76],"account":[77],"conversion":[79],"O2":[83],"in":[84,178],"vehicles\u2019":[85],"gas":[86],"converters,":[87],"minimized.":[89],"research,":[92],"two":[93],"strategies":[94,139],"are":[95,170,221],"considered":[96],"find":[98],"places":[101],"for":[102,193],"focusing":[105],"on":[106,149],"1-":[107],"type":[109],"expected":[111,120],"movement":[112],"(Rectangular,":[113],"Euclidean,":[114],"Euclidean":[115],"Square,":[116],"Chebyshev);":[118],"2-":[119],"coverage":[121],"(distance":[122],"time).":[124],"To":[125],"end,":[127],"bi-objective":[129],"nonlinear":[130],"programming":[131],"model":[132,136,175],"proposed.":[134],"This":[135],"concurrently":[137],"compares":[138],"1":[140],"2":[142],"selects":[144],"competitor.":[147],"Based":[148],"selected":[151],"strategy,":[152],"made":[157],"employing":[159],"heuristic":[161],"algorithm":[162,190],"locations":[165],"determined.":[171],"As":[172],"proposed":[174],"NP-hard":[177],"nature":[180],"problem,":[183],"meta-heuristics,":[185],"namely,":[186],"non-dominated":[187],"sorting":[188],"genetic":[189],"employed":[192],"solution":[195],"process.":[196],"Eventually,":[197],"authenticate":[199],"confirm":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"suggested":[206],"model,":[207],"numerical":[209],"example":[210],"given":[212],"solved":[214],"utilizing":[215],"optimization":[216],"software,":[217],"results":[220],"analyzed.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}
