{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206830472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","title":"Spoofing in civil aviation: Security and safety of GPS/GNSS and ADS-B systems","display_name":"Spoofing in civil aviation: Security and safety of GPS/GNSS and ADS-B systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206830472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5937/megrev2103281k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","pdf_url":"https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1820-3159/2021/1820-31592103281K.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183540","display_name":"Megatrend revija","issn_l":"1820-3159","issn":["1820-3159","2560-3329"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322047","host_organization_name":"University Dzon Nezbit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322047"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Dzon Nezbit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Megatrend revija","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1820-3159/2021/1820-31592103281K.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010508749","display_name":"Dejan Ko\u017eovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-1248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-1248"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejan Ko\u017eovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-1248","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108667720","display_name":"Dragan \u0110ur\u0111evi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-7662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-7662"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragan \u0110ur\u0111evi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-7662","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"281","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-spoofing","display_name":"GNSS spoofing","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-aviation-security","display_name":"civil aviation security","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-positioning","display_name":"satellite positioning","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-interference","display_name":"radio frequency interference","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-detection","display_name":"anti-spoofing","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"software-defined radio","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-aerial-vehicles","display_name":"unmanned aerial vehicles","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone-hijacking","display_name":"drone hijacking","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-defense","display_name":"air defense","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icao","display_name":"ICAO","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-safety","display_name":"aviation safety","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9841419458389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9062546491622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512918668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206814","display_name":"Civil aviation","level":3,"score":0.8051043748855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6388500332832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5853585600852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.5797194838523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538199239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640853","display_name":"Aviation safety","level":3,"score":0.5251215100288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.48916009068489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4856354296207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.4063537120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3066987693309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24169191718101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08525225520133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5937/megrev2103281k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","pdf_url":"https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1820-3159/2021/1820-31592103281K.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183540","display_name":"Megatrend revija","issn_l":"1820-3159","issn":["1820-3159","2560-3329"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322047","host_organization_name":"University Dzon Nezbit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322047"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Dzon Nezbit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Megatrend revija","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70b1f20283b04b02ac0b018e20f0e3fa","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70b1f20283b04b02ac0b018e20f0e3fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Megatrend Revija, Vol 18, Iss 3, Pp 281-306 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5937/megrev2103281k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103281k","pdf_url":"https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1820-3159/2021/1820-31592103281K.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183540","display_name":"Megatrend revija","issn_l":"1820-3159","issn":["1820-3159","2560-3329"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322047","host_organization_name":"University Dzon Nezbit","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322047"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Dzon Nezbit"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Megatrend revija","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206830472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206830472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515073590","https://openalex.org/W1558021871","https://openalex.org/W1946476891","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2087937661","https://openalex.org/W2087976642","https://openalex.org/W2089255914","https://openalex.org/W2097275045","https://openalex.org/W2116150549","https://openalex.org/W2129028470","https://openalex.org/W2159329869","https://openalex.org/W2346214124","https://openalex.org/W2465984462","https://openalex.org/W2471955547","https://openalex.org/W2566510693","https://openalex.org/W2600755134","https://openalex.org/W2601046187","https://openalex.org/W2766151182","https://openalex.org/W2772531505","https://openalex.org/W2784746983","https://openalex.org/W2793836664","https://openalex.org/W2810910757","https://openalex.org/W2898387117","https://openalex.org/W2905422461","https://openalex.org/W2918082931","https://openalex.org/W2943004763","https://openalex.org/W2968618331","https://openalex.org/W2969954411","https://openalex.org/W2974416474","https://openalex.org/W2981830252","https://openalex.org/W3011717424","https://openalex.org/W3034972720","https://openalex.org/W3048704412","https://openalex.org/W4239150606","https://openalex.org/W4246079090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3150383674","https://openalex.org/W3034260354","https://openalex.org/W4403427592","https://openalex.org/W7112478199","https://openalex.org/W3083997822","https://openalex.org/W4396720509","https://openalex.org/W4411232798","https://openalex.org/W4220670974","https://openalex.org/W7205707571","https://openalex.org/W2973105348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aircraft":[0],"systems":[1,174,225],"that":[2,186],"rely":[3],"on":[4,219],"satellite":[5],"positioning":[6,44],"technology,":[7],"such":[8,157],"as":[9,158],"GNSS":[10,128,171,222],"and":[11,24,61,136,160,172,183,196,214,223,229],"ADS-B,":[12],"can":[13,123],"be":[14,124],"the":[15,39,62,72,82,96,127,143,167,170,178,181,184,194,206,234],"target":[16],"of":[17,28,64,76,98,142,150,169,180,193,199,208,221,233],"a":[18,22,53],"spoofing":[19,48,65,113,122],"attack":[20],"-":[21],"sophisticated":[23,148],"very":[25,73,203],"dangerous":[26],"form":[27],"radio":[29],"frequency":[30],"interference":[31],"in":[32,49,103,126,205,226,237],"which":[33],"false":[34],"signals":[35],"are":[36,132,153,162,202],"inserted":[37],"into":[38],"\"victim's\"":[40],"receiver":[41],"for":[42,95,211],"incorrect":[43],"or":[45,100],"timing.":[46],"Although":[47],"civil":[50,227],"aviation":[51,107,228],"is":[52,59,66,85,108],"potential":[54,83,88],"threat,":[55],"its":[56],"technical":[57],"feasibility":[58],"realistic,":[60],"application":[63],"becoming":[67],"more":[68,147],"flexible":[69],"due":[70],"to":[71,112,134,146,165,175],"rapid":[74],"progress":[75],"cheap":[77],"SDR":[78],"platforms.":[79],"In":[80],"particular,":[81],"risk":[84],"posed":[86],"by":[87,118],"air":[89],"strikes,":[90],"using":[91],"unmanned":[92],"aerial":[93],"vehicles/drones,":[94],"purpose":[97],"hijacking":[99],"distracting":[101],"security":[102],"airspace":[104],"surveillance.":[105],"However,":[106],"not":[109],"ruthlessly":[110],"exposed":[111],"attacks":[114,152,201],"without":[115],"any":[116],"defense;":[117],"applying":[119],"certain":[120,190],"methods/techniques,":[121],"mitigated":[125],"receiver.":[129],"Also,":[130],"pilots":[131],"trained":[133],"detect":[135],"solve":[137],"problems":[138],"at":[139],"every":[140],"stage":[141],"flight.":[144],"Due":[145],"forms":[149],"terrorist":[151],"possible,":[154],"international":[155],"organizations,":[156],"ICAO":[159],"EUROCA,":[161],"proactively":[163],"working":[164],"increase":[166],"robustness":[168],"ADS-B":[173],"spoofing.":[176],"Given":[177],"importance":[179],"topic":[182],"fact":[185],"spoofing/antispuffing":[187,220],"testing":[188],"has":[189],"limitations,":[191],"consideration":[192],"specifics":[195],"different":[197],"scenarios":[198],"these":[200,238],"important":[204],"development":[207],"new":[209],"methods":[210],"their":[212],"mitigation":[213],"detection.":[215],"This":[216],"paper":[217],"focuses":[218],"ABS-B":[224],"provides":[230],"an":[231],"overview":[232],"latest":[235],"research":[236],"areas.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}