{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206409159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","title":"Effect of COVID 19 Crises on Entrepreneurship Readiness of University Students in Pakistan","display_name":"Effect of COVID 19 Crises on Entrepreneurship Readiness of University Students in Pakistan","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206409159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","pdf_url":"https://publishing.globalcsrc.org/ojs/index.php/sbsee/article/download/2006/1266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195727","display_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","issn_l":"2708-2172","issn":["2708-2172","2708-2504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://publishing.globalcsrc.org/ojs/index.php/sbsee/article/download/2006/1266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080943995","display_name":"Muhammad Rehan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-0162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-0162","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-5307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Farooq Rehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000764452","display_name":"Raheel Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-8080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-8080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheel Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030557904","display_name":"Quaisar Ijaz Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quaisar Ijaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85167816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"485","last_page":"495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-readiness","display_name":"entrepreneurial readiness","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/need-for-achievement","display_name":"need for achievement","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locus-of-control","display_name":"locus of control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"self-efficacy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-entrepreneurship","display_name":"student entrepreneurship","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.7389633655548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170798268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534589","display_name":"Locus of control","level":2,"score":0.7237247824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.721625804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6938447952270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.6819890737533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.654903769493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6318916082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158227716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815990","display_name":"Need for achievement","level":2,"score":0.6187601685523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5871270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46879348158836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4543648362159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3256072402000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14429304003715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.13359183073043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09706971049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.08725512027740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08157983422279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","pdf_url":"https://publishing.globalcsrc.org/ojs/index.php/sbsee/article/download/2006/1266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195727","display_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","issn_l":"2708-2172","issn":["2708-2172","2708-2504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:src:sbseec:v:3:y:2021:i:4:p:485-495","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publishing.globalcsrc.org/ojs/index.php/sbsee/article/view/2006/1266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8427b29064644e8b9fe90f6ace7368a3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8427b29064644e8b9fe90f6ace7368a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, Vol 3, Iss 4 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2006","pdf_url":"https://publishing.globalcsrc.org/ojs/index.php/sbsee/article/download/2006/1266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195727","display_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","issn_l":"2708-2172","issn":["2708-2172","2708-2504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206409159.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206409159.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85181246","https://openalex.org/W173623240","https://openalex.org/W232522861","https://openalex.org/W1484471533","https://openalex.org/W1497812261","https://openalex.org/W1520681902","https://openalex.org/W1561517153","https://openalex.org/W1562336613","https://openalex.org/W1600947479","https://openalex.org/W1905336931","https://openalex.org/W1975713947","https://openalex.org/W1988593606","https://openalex.org/W1989131699","https://openalex.org/W1994230327","https://openalex.org/W2014519558","https://openalex.org/W2021245278","https://openalex.org/W2025579951","https://openalex.org/W2028378463","https://openalex.org/W2050226767","https://openalex.org/W2057869286","https://openalex.org/W2068941619","https://openalex.org/W2080603966","https://openalex.org/W2094783468","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100826189","https://openalex.org/W2140632413","https://openalex.org/W2142994064","https://openalex.org/W2168618909","https://openalex.org/W2170931809","https://openalex.org/W2288617423","https://openalex.org/W2291263573","https://openalex.org/W2294367157","https://openalex.org/W2417438668","https://openalex.org/W2515444468","https://openalex.org/W2605696175","https://openalex.org/W2778737163","https://openalex.org/W2783929360","https://openalex.org/W2801175825","https://openalex.org/W3044473029","https://openalex.org/W3044900387","https://openalex.org/W3081215934","https://openalex.org/W3094104078","https://openalex.org/W3107883455","https://openalex.org/W3199781982","https://openalex.org/W6777327193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211218909","https://openalex.org/W3216514320","https://openalex.org/W3213548062","https://openalex.org/W4320061191","https://openalex.org/W4391401109","https://openalex.org/W4281670582","https://openalex.org/W3166682097","https://openalex.org/W7215286639","https://openalex.org/W7215693807","https://openalex.org/W3186672576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"Aim":[1],"of":[2,35,38,59,65,79,117,135],"this":[3,89],"study":[4,26,67,122],"is":[5,83],"to":[6,104],"examine":[7],"the":[8,15,19,57,60,66],"factors":[9],"(personality":[10],"traits,":[11],"Covid-19":[12,48],"crises)":[13],"influencing":[14,85],"entrepreneurship":[16],"readiness":[17,116],"among":[18],"university":[20,37],"students":[21,34],"in":[22,47],"Pakistan":[23],"Design/Methodology/Approach:":[24],"The":[25,40,63,121],"used":[27],"online":[28,45],"survey":[29],"for":[30,56,76],"collection":[31],"from":[32],"396":[33],"different":[36],"Pakistan.":[39],"date":[41],"was":[42,54],"collected":[43],"during":[44],"classes":[46],"pandemic.":[49],"Multiple":[50],"regression":[51],"analysis":[52,58],"technique":[53],"applied":[55],"data.":[61],"Findings:":[62],"findings":[64],"demonstrate":[68],"that":[69,124],"all":[70],"three":[71],"personality":[72,90,99],"traits":[73,100],"i.e.":[74],"need":[75,97],"achievement,":[77],"locus":[78],"control":[80],"and":[81,101,126],"self-efficacy":[82],"positively":[84],"entrepreneurial":[86],"readiness.":[87],"But":[88],"trait":[91],"alone":[92],"cannot":[93],"do":[94,129],"favor":[95],"they":[96,102],"other":[98],"require":[103],"have":[105,111,130],"favorable":[106],"circumstances.":[107],"However,":[108],"covid-19":[109],"crises":[110],"negative":[112],"influence":[113,131],"on":[114,132],"student\u2019s":[115,133],"being":[118,136],"entrepreneur.":[119,137],"Implications/Originality/Value:":[120],"postulate":[123],"hard":[125],"uncertain":[127],"situation":[128],"motivation":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-01-25T00:00:00"}