{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206362134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","title":"Gain-loss asymmetry in human experiential tasks","display_name":"Gain-loss asymmetry in human experiential tasks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206362134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075704258","display_name":"Rana Asgarova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-5388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-5388"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asgarova, Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology","Victoria University of Wellington 2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington 2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075704258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain-loss-asymmetry","display_name":"gain-loss asymmetry","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-experience-gap","display_name":"description-experience gap","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prospect-theory","display_name":"prospect theory","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-discounting","display_name":"probability discounting","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-interval-schedules","display_name":"variable-interval schedules","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"risk aversion","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-seeking-behavior","display_name":"risk seeking","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcer-value","display_name":"reinforcer value","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-value","display_name":"expected value","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-decision-making","display_name":"human decision-making","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"reinforcement learning","score":0.34200000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.777193546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778174566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2874240","display_name":"Loss aversion","level":2,"score":0.7535513639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C339426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151839","display_name":"Prospect theory","level":2,"score":0.7071179747581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994109249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186412","display_name":"Delay discounting","level":3,"score":0.6875527501106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6385295987129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.6047142148017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48370033502578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129915516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083550","display_name":"Risk aversion (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.4661024808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.4619036316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42169833183288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.38287353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36717188358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205706631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2319304","display_name":"Expected utility hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.31932348012924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.23866590857505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18602457642555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17719504237174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.16846996545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17136776.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka","raw_type":"dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320802","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320976","display_name":"Victoria University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j757h98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183609676","https://openalex.org/W1485348064","https://openalex.org/W1624305057","https://openalex.org/W1792054351","https://openalex.org/W1847236181","https://openalex.org/W1887460322","https://openalex.org/W1966540583","https://openalex.org/W1972250483","https://openalex.org/W1972405615","https://openalex.org/W1973545526","https://openalex.org/W1973550127","https://openalex.org/W1975151400","https://openalex.org/W1975745304","https://openalex.org/W1976775239","https://openalex.org/W1976875432","https://openalex.org/W1978844375","https://openalex.org/W1982612154","https://openalex.org/W1982701360","https://openalex.org/W1983350937","https://openalex.org/W1983543827","https://openalex.org/W1987008223","https://openalex.org/W1988742856","https://openalex.org/W1988930314","https://openalex.org/W1990285900","https://openalex.org/W1994077204","https://openalex.org/W1995466791","https://openalex.org/W1997873514","https://openalex.org/W1998101653","https://openalex.org/W2000215928","https://openalex.org/W2001544027","https://openalex.org/W2003156116","https://openalex.org/W2003958116","https://openalex.org/W2005202202","https://openalex.org/W2006836240","https://openalex.org/W2007138780","https://openalex.org/W2013260694","https://openalex.org/W2013826390","https://openalex.org/W2016858519","https://openalex.org/W2017611729","https://openalex.org/W2022812372","https://openalex.org/W2024691368","https://openalex.org/W2030136733","https://openalex.org/W2030729507","https://openalex.org/W2034495349","https://openalex.org/W2038631524","https://openalex.org/W2040789298","https://openalex.org/W2041946752","https://openalex.org/W2042218778","https://openalex.org/W2042817462","https://openalex.org/W2048417641","https://openalex.org/W2056092441","https://openalex.org/W2058671371","https://openalex.org/W2061509284","https://openalex.org/W2064550350","https://openalex.org/W2065612900","https://openalex.org/W2073104590","https://openalex.org/W2074301096","https://openalex.org/W2075240162","https://openalex.org/W2077949566","https://openalex.org/W2078712289","https://openalex.org/W2082430497","https://openalex.org/W2086237884","https://openalex.org/W2087979676","https://openalex.org/W2092110116","https://openalex.org/W2092847902","https://openalex.org/W2097495332","https://openalex.org/W2097938304","https://openalex.org/W2100144748","https://openalex.org/W2100162904","https://openalex.org/W2102118103","https://openalex.org/W2106637730","https://openalex.org/W2107342496","https://openalex.org/W2112457613","https://openalex.org/W2113788396","https://openalex.org/W2115381359","https://openalex.org/W2117377829","https://openalex.org/W2120492617","https://openalex.org/W2121458977","https://openalex.org/W2122638098","https://openalex.org/W2124524612","https://openalex.org/W2126308257","https://openalex.org/W2128921456","https://openalex.org/W2130397844","https://openalex.org/W2132726456","https://openalex.org/W2133186067","https://openalex.org/W2133553987","https://openalex.org/W2135886642","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2139420917","https://openalex.org/W2150552447","https://openalex.org/W2155049658","https://openalex.org/W2155203896","https://openalex.org/W2162180605","https://openalex.org/W2166182236","https://openalex.org/W2168724065","https://openalex.org/W2168960239","https://openalex.org/W2170183710","https://openalex.org/W2328885684","https://openalex.org/W2333311386","https://openalex.org/W2345537146","https://openalex.org/W2405064089","https://openalex.org/W2521208686","https://openalex.org/W2602737734","https://openalex.org/W2609073860","https://openalex.org/W2614034107","https://openalex.org/W2619925098","https://openalex.org/W2620883276","https://openalex.org/W2727871753","https://openalex.org/W2735885031","https://openalex.org/W2786405578","https://openalex.org/W2791678002","https://openalex.org/W2793970552","https://openalex.org/W2796514099","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W4252386822","https://openalex.org/W4299415759","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4362236847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005181533","https://openalex.org/W7221321001","https://openalex.org/W7096015859","https://openalex.org/W7096973757","https://openalex.org/W3123337773","https://openalex.org/W2105717843","https://openalex.org/W2111015910","https://openalex.org/W758889636","https://openalex.org/W2345251004","https://openalex.org/W2502788510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prospect":[0,11,90],"Theory":[1,12,91],"models":[2],"behaviour":[3,460],"in":[4,57,76,109,116,209,218,232,312,336,352,387,487,493],"one-off":[5],"decisions":[6],"where":[7],"outcomes":[8,182,284,426,477],"are":[9,484],"described.":[10],"describes":[13],"risk":[14,23,46,51],"aversion":[15,52],"when":[16,25,178,185,193,458],"the":[17,26,36,58,66,83,93,102,105,156,159,181,202,221,227,233,259,263,278,286,298,322,337,358,363,388,396,401,410,414,429,434,445,466],"choice":[18,27,79,145,256,315,492],"is":[19,28,33,63,114],"between":[20,29,131,188,329,357],"gains":[21,49,163,212,242,343,392,399],"and":[22,50,92,135,192,213,268,374,393,478],"seeking":[24,47],"losses.":[30,54,167,244,345,394,408],"This":[31,55],"asymmetry":[32,62,75,153,175,311,386,442],"known":[34,64],"as":[35,65,119],"reflection":[37,107,160,303,368,450],"effect.":[38,304,451],"In":[39,97,124,144,265,305,395,409],"choices":[40,240,462],"about":[41,241],"experienced":[42,180,225],"outcomes,":[43,226],"individuals":[44],"show":[45,150,379],"for":[48,53],"change":[56],"direction":[59],"of":[60,104,122,141,158,201,211,220,262,282,300,332,341,365,391,404,416,431,440,447,481,490],"gain-loss":[61,74,152,174,310,441],"description-experience":[67,94],"gap.":[68],"Across":[69,168,199,433],"eight":[70],"experiments,":[71,170],"we":[72,100,171,270,308,437],"examined":[73,172,309],"two":[77,189,195,330,359,435],"experiential":[78,491],"procedures.":[80],"We":[81,382,452],"compared":[82],"obtained":[84],"results":[85],"with":[86,155,280,297,362,444],"predictions":[87,103,157,299,364,446],"derived":[88],"from":[89,146],"gap":[95],"literature.":[96],"Study":[98,306],"1,":[99],"evaluated":[101],"reversed":[106,302,367,449],"effect":[108,275,421],"probability":[110],"discounting.":[111],"Probability":[112],"discounting":[113,162,210,231,287],"loss":[115,355,375],"reinforcer":[117],"value":[118,261],"a":[120,136,151,301,313,366,384,419,448],"function":[121],"uncertainty.":[123],"typical":[125],"tasks":[126,222,436],"measuring":[127],"discounting,":[128,250],"participants":[129,149,179,228,279],"choose":[130],"smaller,":[132],"certain":[133],"amounts":[134],"larger":[137],"amount":[138],"at":[139],"one":[140],"several":[142,455],"probabilities.":[143],"description,":[147],"most":[148,219],"consistent":[154,206,296,361,443],"effect,":[161,369],"more":[164,292,348,406],"steeply":[165,293],"than":[166,255,294,354,407,427],"three":[169],"whether":[173,237],"also":[176,453],"occurred":[177],"they":[183,186],"chose,":[184],"chose":[187,328],"uncertain":[190],"options,":[191],"these":[194],"contexts":[196],"were":[197,347],"combined.":[198],"all":[200],"above":[203],"contexts,":[204],"no":[205],"mean":[207],"difference":[208],"losses":[214,291,417],"was":[215],"observed.":[216],"Rather,":[217],"that":[223,334,463,472],"provided":[224],"showed":[229],"steeper":[230],"first":[234],"condition":[235],"completed,":[236],"it":[238],"involved":[239],"or":[243,339,344],"Furthermore,":[245],"subsequent":[246],"conditions":[247],"produced":[248],"shallower":[249,254],"but":[251],"notably,":[252],"not":[253,378],"based":[257],"on":[258,272,422],"expected":[260,467],"options.":[264],"Studies":[266],"2":[267],"3,":[269],"followed-up":[271],"this":[273],"order":[274],"by":[276],"providing":[277],"experience":[281],"probabilistic":[283],"before":[285],"tasks.":[288,496],"Participants":[289,326,346],"discounted":[290],"gains,":[295],"2,":[307],"rapid-acquisition":[314],"procedure":[316],"using":[317],"concurrent":[318],"variable-interval":[319],"schedules":[320],"\u2013":[321],"Auckland":[323],"Card":[324],"Task.":[325],"repeatedly":[327],"decks":[331],"cards":[333],"varied":[335],"frequency":[338,356,397],"magnitude":[340,376,411,415,430],"available":[342],"sensitive":[349],"to":[350,372,461,475],"changes":[351],"gain":[353,373],"decks,":[360],"while":[370],"sensitivity":[371],"did":[377],"an":[380],"asymmetry.":[381],"found":[383],"novel":[385],"local":[389],"effects":[390],"tasks,":[398,412],"disrupted":[400],"general":[402],"pattern":[403],"responding":[405],"varying":[413,428],"had":[418],"bigger":[420],"local-level":[423],"patterns":[424,439],"following":[425],"gains.":[432],"observed":[438,454],"inconsistencies,":[456],"particularly":[457],"comparing":[459],"would":[464],"maximize":[465],"returns.":[468],"Our":[469],"research":[470],"suggested":[471],"sufficient":[473],"exposure":[474],"chance":[476],"ensuring":[479],"delivery":[480],"scheduled":[482],"events":[483],"key":[485],"challenges":[486],"further":[488],"refinement":[489],"human":[494],"operant":[495]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2022-01-25T00:00:00"}