{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205679441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","title":"Perception of English Fricatives (/v/, /3/) by Undergraduate Kuwaiti Arabic Learners","display_name":"Perception of English Fricatives (/v/, /3/) by Undergraduate Kuwaiti Arabic Learners","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205679441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","pdf_url":"http://ijlcnet.com/journals/ijlc/Vol_9_No_2_December_2021/1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199315","display_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","issn_l":"2372-479X","issn":["2372-479X","2372-4803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://ijlcnet.com/journals/ijlc/Vol_9_No_2_December_2021/1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009304216","display_name":"Sultan Muhaya Al-Daihani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-2396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-2396"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan M. ALDAIHANI","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064332760","display_name":"Shorouq Khalid Al-Houti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shorouq K. AL-HOUTI","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24772394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fricative-perception","display_name":"fricative perception","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kuwaiti-arabic","display_name":"Kuwaiti Arabic","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-pronunciation","display_name":"second language pronunciation","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-sound-perception","display_name":"phonetic perception","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-perception","display_name":"phonological perception","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-position-effects","display_name":"word position effects","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.7197996377944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7034457921981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6263996362686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778203577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38035","display_name":"Consonant","level":3,"score":0.6172490119934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5850669145584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.5064910650253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4557811915874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777939226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7976","display_name":"American English","level":2,"score":0.452484667301178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.10760146379470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","pdf_url":"http://ijlcnet.com/journals/ijlc/Vol_9_No_2_December_2021/1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199315","display_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","issn_l":"2372-479X","issn":["2372-479X","2372-4803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v9n2a1","pdf_url":"http://ijlcnet.com/journals/ijlc/Vol_9_No_2_December_2021/1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199315","display_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","issn_l":"2372-479X","issn":["2372-479X","2372-4803"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205679441.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205679441.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568207012","https://openalex.org/W1564020028","https://openalex.org/W1564039035","https://openalex.org/W1982680659","https://openalex.org/W2003268946","https://openalex.org/W2027418221","https://openalex.org/W2030924123","https://openalex.org/W2082444304","https://openalex.org/W2104056381","https://openalex.org/W2121537412","https://openalex.org/W2152134037","https://openalex.org/W2937374421","https://openalex.org/W2962223604","https://openalex.org/W3216690868","https://openalex.org/W4239690503","https://openalex.org/W7057370373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6911390664","https://openalex.org/W2207314048","https://openalex.org/W3107071635","https://openalex.org/W4387505247","https://openalex.org/W1832354362","https://openalex.org/W2967050250","https://openalex.org/W2226644102","https://openalex.org/W3123022398","https://openalex.org/W2970035191","https://openalex.org/W2963942348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"test":[4,38],"the":[5,17,31,56,96],"phonetic":[6,77],"and":[7,26,45,62,71,76,130,147,161],"lexical":[8],"phonological":[9,75],"perceptions":[10],"of":[11,41,60,86,98,124,143],"students":[12,156],"in":[13,55,91,95,101],"Kuwait":[14],"who":[15,88],"speak":[16],"Kuwaiti":[18,67,155],"Arabic":[19],"(KA)":[20],"dialect":[21],"as":[22,105],"their":[23,106,122],"native":[24,84],"language":[25,145],"are":[27,138,149],"studying":[28],"English":[29,42,93,114,125,158],"at":[30],"undergraduate":[32,92],"level.The":[33],"main":[34],"objective":[35],"was":[36,127],"to":[37],"students'":[39],"perception":[40,123],"labial":[43],"[v]":[44,115,160],"post-alveolar":[46],"[\u0292]":[47,126],"fricatives":[48,51,159],"because":[49],"these":[50],"do":[52],"not":[53,131],"exist":[54],"consonant":[57],"phonemic":[58],"inventory":[59],"KA":[61,87,104],"may":[63],"pose":[64],"difficulty":[65],"for":[66,154],"adults":[68],"learning":[69,157],"English.Identification":[70],"discrimination":[72],"tests":[73],"on":[74,117,133],"levels":[78],"were":[79,89],"conducted":[80],"with":[81],"104":[82],"female":[83],"speakers":[85],"enrolled":[90],"courses":[94],"College":[97],"Basic":[99],"Education":[100],"Kuwait.They":[102],"had":[103],"L1.The":[107],"results":[108,137],"show":[109],"that":[110],"they":[111],"could":[112],"perceive":[113],"better":[116],"all":[118,134],"word":[119,135],"positions":[120],"but":[121],"slightly":[128],"weaker":[129],"similar":[132],"positions.The":[136],"analysed":[139],"using":[140],"a":[141],"framework":[142],"second":[144],"acquisition,":[146],"predictions":[148],"made":[150],"about":[151],"potential":[152],"difficulties":[153],"[\u0292].":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}