{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205397488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","title":"The impacts of electric vehicles and heat pumps load profiles on low voltage distribution networks in Great Britain by 2050","display_name":"The impacts of electric vehicles and heat pumps load profiles on low voltage distribution networks in Great Britain by 2050","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205397488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","pdf_url":"https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/imrj/article/download/7308/5918","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764583017","display_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","issn_l":"2231-6302","issn":["2231-6302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318689","host_organization_name":"Society for Scientific Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318689"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Scientific Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/imrj/article/download/7308/5918","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033609591","display_name":"Rilwan Olaolu Oliyide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-0294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554175","display_name":"Moshood Abiola Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/0559cv935","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rilwan O. Oliyide","raw_affiliation_strings":["nstitute of Energy, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom & Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"nstitute of Energy, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom & Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554175","https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058692326","display_name":"Liana Cipcigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liana M. Cipcigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Energy, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Energy, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61334871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"30","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.02810000069439411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicles","display_name":"electric vehicles","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pumps","display_name":"heat pumps","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage-distribution-networks","display_name":"low-voltage distribution networks","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-profiles","display_name":"electricity profile","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-technologies","display_name":"low-carbon technologies","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions reduction","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer-loading","display_name":"transformer loading","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-profile","display_name":"voltage profile","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cable-ampacity","display_name":"cable ampacity","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-distribution-networks","display_name":"urban distribution networks","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gridlab-d","display_name":"GridLAB-D","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7943809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1977384","display_name":"Ampacity","level":3,"score":0.8850271701812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.700660228729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6537115573883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.6071987748146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6039746999740601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5730419754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4706527292728424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.44888627529144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117323899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907989","display_name":"Distribution transformer","level":4,"score":0.4179299771785736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3123345971107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24981525540351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08308824896812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","pdf_url":"https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/imrj/article/download/7308/5918","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764583017","display_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","issn_l":"2231-6302","issn":["2231-6302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318689","host_organization_name":"Society for Scientific Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318689"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Scientific Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:146419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/146419/1/IMRJ_7308_20211230_V1.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/146419/1/IMRJ_7308_20211230_V1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2021.v11.7308","pdf_url":"https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/imrj/article/download/7308/5918","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764583017","display_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","issn_l":"2231-6302","issn":["2231-6302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318689","host_organization_name":"Society for Scientific Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318689"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Scientific Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320350","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03p8jwd38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205397488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205397488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995521704","https://openalex.org/W2030371872","https://openalex.org/W2044342613","https://openalex.org/W2060919420","https://openalex.org/W2071583736","https://openalex.org/W2105402504","https://openalex.org/W2112161356","https://openalex.org/W2139835088","https://openalex.org/W2254357412","https://openalex.org/W2314542973","https://openalex.org/W2328028676","https://openalex.org/W2343668226","https://openalex.org/W2558336743","https://openalex.org/W2560332688","https://openalex.org/W2945792041","https://openalex.org/W4243667848","https://openalex.org/W4300337930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770076642","https://openalex.org/W7048717735","https://openalex.org/W2953455797","https://openalex.org/W4386820288","https://openalex.org/W2044342613","https://openalex.org/W4391543591","https://openalex.org/W7112765400","https://openalex.org/W2468786088","https://openalex.org/W4385662329","https://openalex.org/W2545695397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,112,141],"impacts":[1],"of":[2,8,36,44,78,132,147,152,159,166],"uptake":[3,70],"and":[4,12,51,80,87,124,127,138,155],"electricity":[5],"load":[6,122],"profiles":[7,123,151],"Electric":[9],"Vehicles":[10],"(EVs)":[11],"Heat":[13],"Pumps":[14],"(HPs)":[15],"on":[16],"the":[17,42,54,62,66,74,108,133,153,156,160,163,167],"low":[18,45],"voltage":[19,150],"(LV)":[20],"distribution":[21,91,110],"networks":[22,56],"were":[23,82,143],"analyzed.":[24],"United":[26],"Kingdom":[27],"(UK)":[28],"has":[29],"a":[30,85],"legally":[31],"mandated":[32],"policy":[33],"concerning":[34],"reduction":[35],"greenhouse":[37],"gasses":[38],"(GHGs)":[39],"emissions.":[40,68],"Therefore,":[41],"integration":[43],"carbon":[46],"technologies":[47],"(LCTs)":[48],"especially":[49],"EVs":[50,79,126],"HPs":[52,81,128],"at":[53],"LV":[55,90,109],"is":[57],"expected":[58],"to":[59,64,106],"increase":[60],"in":[61,93,145],"drive":[63],"reducing":[65],"GHGs":[67],"Future":[69],"scenarios,":[71],"adapted":[72],"from":[73],"National":[75],"Grid":[76],"studies,":[77],"developed":[83],"for":[84,116,130,162],"real":[86],"typical":[88],"urban":[89],"network":[92],"Great":[94],"Britain":[95],"(GB).":[96],"Gridlab-D,":[97],"an":[98],"agent-based":[99],"power":[100],"system":[101],"simulation":[102],"software,":[103],"was":[104,114],"used":[105],"model":[107,113],"network.":[111],"run":[115],"four":[117],"different":[118,164],"scenarios":[119,165],"considering":[120],"seasonal":[121],"projected":[125],"uptakes":[129],"each":[131],"year":[134],"2020,":[135],"2030,":[136],"2040":[137],"2050":[139],"respectively.":[140],"results":[142],"analyzed":[144],"terms":[146],"transformer":[148],"loading,":[149],"feeders,":[154],"ampacity":[157],"loading":[158],"cables":[161],"years.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}