{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205166370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","title":"NOTICE OF RETRACTION: The Influence of Ethical and Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity in Malaysia's Private Higher Education Institutions: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour","display_name":"NOTICE OF RETRACTION: The Influence of Ethical and Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity in Malaysia's Private Higher Education Institutions: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205166370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/4896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","pdf_url":"http://www.ijikm.org/Volume17/IJIKMv17p001-033Arokiasamy7862.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737561367","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information Knowledge and Management","issn_l":"1555-1229","issn":["1555-1229","1555-1237","1555-1245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ijikm.org/Volume17/IJIKMv17p001-033Arokiasamy7862.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085741945","display_name":"Anantha Raj A. Arokiasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-6448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-6448"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anantha Raj A. Arokiasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT International University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-6448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045644992","display_name":"Greeni Maheshwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-6040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-6040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157358134","display_name":"RMIT Vietnam","ror":"https://ror.org/004axh929","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157358134","https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greeni Maheshwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157358134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045509692","display_name":"Khanh-Linh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-9652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-9652","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8982-5624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh-Linh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT International University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-9652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87024888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"001","last_page":"033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6474999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6474999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.3474000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-leadership","display_name":"ethical leadership","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-creativity","display_name":"employee creativity","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-citizenship-behavior","display_name":"organizational citizenship behavior","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-role","display_name":"mediating role","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-higher-education-institutions","display_name":"private higher education institutions","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-in-higher-education","display_name":"higher education leadership","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extra-role-behavior","display_name":"extra-role behavior","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-development","display_name":"leadership development","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-innovation","display_name":"employee innovation","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"corporate social responsibility","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-engagement","display_name":"employee engagement","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-empowerment","display_name":"employee empowerment","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.8859346508979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126583095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1548752","display_name":"Organizational citizenship behavior","level":3,"score":0.7257869839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.7057262063026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157298493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403411","display_name":"Ethical leadership","level":2,"score":0.6281394958496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780781376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42138","display_name":"Citizenship","level":3,"score":0.57565838098526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.43807703256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.429067462682724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37942421436309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3770464062690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3069651126861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.15874740481376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08856046199798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28945/4896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","pdf_url":"http://www.ijikm.org/Volume17/IJIKMv17p001-033Arokiasamy7862.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737561367","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information Knowledge and Management","issn_l":"1555-1229","issn":["1555-1229","1555-1237","1555-1245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma61RMIT.INST:11286790060001341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/4896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4896","pdf_url":"http://www.ijikm.org/Volume17/IJIKMv17p001-033Arokiasamy7862.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737561367","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information Knowledge and Management","issn_l":"1555-1229","issn":["1555-1229","1555-1237","1555-1245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205166370.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205166370.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W1995113324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim/Purpose:":[0],"************************************************************************":[1],"After":[2],"its":[3],"investigation,":[4],"the":[5,17,24,33,43,61,90,119,158,214,228,235,273,294,300,306,329,340,347,355,370,396,445,485,491,499,502,508,522,649],"Research":[6,103],"Ethics,":[7],"Integrity,":[8],"and":[9,30,47,60,73,84,99,107,138,165,180,202,206,242,268,296,333,336,364,373,401,420,427,447,463,495,498,514,539,547,553,572,586,605,609,634,644,653,672,675],"Governance":[10],"team":[11],"at":[12,444],"RMIT":[13,28],"University":[14],"found":[15],"that":[16,32,161,183,326,389,460,577,615],"primary":[18],"author":[19],"of":[20,45,64,92,121,227,357,469,487,501,525,583],"this":[21,131,188,635],"paper":[22,39],"breached":[23],"Australian":[25],"Code":[26],"and/or":[27],"Policy":[29],"requested":[31],"article":[34],"be":[35,597,629,637,661],"retracted.":[36],"**************************************************************************":[37],"This":[38,257],"aimed":[40,505],"to":[41,125,168,222,232,234,271,285,316,346,369,380,436,440,466,484,506,566,579,612,618,647,651,663,667],"examine":[42,664],"influence":[44,184,353,524],"ethical":[46,93,105,137,163,178,200,239,332,360,462,494,538,604,674],"transformational":[48,108,139,166,181,203,243,334,384,464,496,511,606,676],"leadership":[49,94,106,122,140,152,164,167,179,182,201,204,240,244,317,335,361,399,471,497,512,562,607,677],"on":[50,104,136,174,264,354,414,457,528],"employee":[51,97,146,207,246,337,366,374],"creativity":[52,208,247,338,356,375,500,516,548],"in":[53,75,95,110,117,123,151,275,339,395,422,434,517,555,568,631,639,642],"Malaysia\u2019s":[54,290],"private":[55],"higher":[56,341,518,556],"education":[57,342,410,451,519,531,557],"institutions":[58,411,452,532,641],"(PHEIs)":[59],"mediating":[62,197,252,324,393,523],"role":[63,116,120],"organizational":[65,126,448],"citizenship":[66,127],"behavior.":[67],"Background:":[68],"To":[69,292],"ensure":[70,441],"their":[71,423,550],"survival":[72],"success":[74],"today\u2019s":[76],"market,":[77],"organizations":[78],"need":[79],"people":[80],"who":[81,417,428,542,592,602],"are":[82],"creative":[83,402,594,620],"driven.":[85],"Previous":[86],"studies":[87],"have":[88,134,195,376],"demonstrated":[89,379],"importance":[91],"fostering":[96],"innovation":[98],"good":[100],"corporate":[101],"responsibility.":[102],"leadership,":[109],"particular,":[111],"has":[112,220,350],"played":[113],"a":[114,196,260,265,276,298,323,351,392,455,580,589],"significant":[115],"elucidating":[118],"relation":[124],"behavior":[128,595],"(OCB).":[129],"In":[130],"study,":[132],"we":[133],"focused":[135],"as":[141,322],"an":[142,149,250,430],"antecedent":[143],"for":[144,328,407,476,536],"enhancing":[145],"creativity.":[147,682],"Despite":[148],"increase":[150],"research,":[153,348,633],"little":[154],"is":[155,190,211,231,391],"known":[156],"about":[157,237,670],"underlying":[159],"mechanisms":[160],"link":[162,330,397],"OCB.":[169,255,526],"Because":[170],"it":[171,210],"sheds":[172],"light":[173],"factors":[175],"other":[176,665],"than":[177],"employees\u2019":[185,681],"extra-role":[186],"activity,":[187],"research":[189,219,387,659],"relevant":[191],"theoretically.":[192],"OCB":[193,321,349,363,372,390,546,614],"may":[194,596],"function":[198],"between":[199,331,398,493,510],"style":[205,241,513],"because":[209],"associated":[212],"with":[213,425],"greatest":[215],"outcomes,":[216],"but":[217],"empirical":[218],"yet":[221],"prove":[223],"this.":[224],"So,":[225],"one":[226],"study\u2019s":[229],"goals":[230],"add":[233],"hypotheses":[236,295],"how":[238,671],"affect":[245,679],"by":[248,319,489,520,564,573,600],"using":[249,305],"important":[251],"variable":[253],"\u2013":[254],"Methodology:":[256],"study":[258,314,480],"adopted":[259],"quantitative":[261],"approach":[262,282,627],"based":[263],"cross-sectional":[266],"survey":[267],"descriptive":[269],"design":[270],"gather":[272],"data":[274,302],"specific":[277],"period.":[278],"A":[279,625],"convenient":[280],"sampling":[281],"was":[283,303],"used":[284,630],"gauge":[286],"275":[287],"employees":[288,591],"from":[289,383,560],"PHEIs.":[291],"test":[293],"obtain":[297],"conclusion,":[299],"acquired":[301],"analyzed":[304],"partial":[307],"least":[308],"square":[309],"technique":[310],"(PLS-SEM).":[311],"Contribution:":[312],"The":[313,478],"contributes":[315],"literature":[318],"advancing":[320],"factor":[325,394],"accounts":[327],"sector.":[343],"Findings:":[344],"According":[345],"substantial":[352],"employees.":[358,405,474],"Furthermore,":[359],"boosted":[362,365],"creativity,":[367],"according":[368],"research.":[371],"both":[377],"been":[378],"benefit":[381,559],"greatly":[382],"leadership.":[385],"Further":[386],"revealed":[388],"styles":[400,472,608,678],"thinking":[403],"among":[404,473],"Recommendations":[406],"Practitioners:":[408],"Higher":[409,450,530],"should":[412,453,533,628,636],"focus":[413],"developing":[415,537,574,643],"leaders":[416,459,541,601],"value":[418],"transparency":[419],"self-awareness":[421],"interactions":[424],"followers":[426],"demonstrate":[429],"inner":[431],"moral":[432],"perspective":[433],"addition":[435],"balanced":[437],"information":[438],"processing":[439],"positive":[442],"outcomes":[443],"individual":[446,515],"levels.":[449],"place":[454],"priority":[456],"hiring":[458],"exhibit":[461],"traits":[465],"raise":[467],"awareness":[468],"these":[470,561],"Recommendation":[475],"Researchers:":[477],"new":[479],"also":[481],"adds":[482],"significantly":[483],"body":[486],"knowledge":[488],"examining":[490,521],"relationship":[492,509],"workforce.":[503,551],"It":[504],"identify":[507],"Impact":[527],"Society:":[529],"devise":[534],"strategies":[535],"transformative":[540],"will":[543,660],"assist":[544],"boost":[545],"within":[549],"Students":[552],"faculty":[554],"can":[558],"methods":[563],"learning":[565],"think":[567],"more":[569,669],"diverse":[570],"ways":[571],"thought":[575],"processes":[576],"lead":[578],"larger":[581],"pool":[582],"innovative":[584],"ideas":[585],"solutions.":[587],"As":[588],"consequence,":[590],"show":[593,613],"effectively":[598],"managed":[599],"utilize":[603],"motivate":[610],"them":[611,617,655],"allow":[616],"solve":[619],"problems":[621],"creatively.":[622],"Future":[623,658],"Research:":[624],"mixed-methods":[626],"future":[632],"done":[638],"public":[640],"developed":[645],"nations":[646],"put":[648],"findings":[650],"use":[652],"generalize":[654],"even":[656],"further.":[657],"able":[662],"mediators":[666],"learn":[668],"why":[673],"PHEI":[680]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2022-01-25T00:00:00"}