{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205140331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","title":"Study on Conservation Threats on African elephant (Loxodonta africana, Blumenbach, 1797) in Babile Elephant Sanctuary, Eastern Ethiopia","display_name":"Study on Conservation Threats on African elephant (Loxodonta africana, Blumenbach, 1797) in Babile Elephant Sanctuary, Eastern Ethiopia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205140331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","pdf_url":"https://ijagri.org/index.php/ijagri/article/download/69/32/140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196371","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Biology & Environment","issn_l":"2582-6107","issn":["2582-6107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Biology & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ijagri.org/index.php/ijagri/article/download/69/32/140","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070550120","display_name":"Taye Lemma Geleta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-2346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-2346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4537092","display_name":"Addis Ababa University","ror":"https://ror.org/038b8e254","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taye Lemma Geleta","raw_affiliation_strings":[", P.O.Box (386) , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia;","College of Natural and Computational Sciences Centre for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", P.O.Box (386) , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia;","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural and Computational Sciences Centre for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089147419","display_name":"Girma Mengesha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4230-9113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4230-9113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193649603","display_name":"Hawassa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04r15fz20","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girma Mengesha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Addis Zoo Park, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Addis Zoo Park, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193649603"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37246923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"02","issue":"04","first_page":"24","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-elephant-conflict","display_name":"human-elephant conflict","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-encroachment","display_name":"land encroachment","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-expansion","display_name":"agricultural expansion","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poaching","display_name":"poaching","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charcoal-production","display_name":"charcoal production","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuelwood-collection","display_name":"fuelwood collection","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-grazing","display_name":"livestock grazing","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-sharing","display_name":"benefit sharing","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-area-management","display_name":"protected area management","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185038","display_name":"African elephant","level":2,"score":0.9691240191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5804200768470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778784093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133006","display_name":"Asian elephant","level":3,"score":0.5023937225341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3215247094631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23805680871009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310746","display_name":"Elephas","level":2,"score":0.1921236515045166}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","pdf_url":"https://ijagri.org/index.php/ijagri/article/download/69/32/140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196371","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Biology & Environment","issn_l":"2582-6107","issn":["2582-6107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Biology & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ijagri.org:article/69","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijagri.org/index.php/index/article/view/69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196371","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Biology & Environment","issn_l":"2582-6107","issn":["2582-6107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2582-6107","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47504/ijagri.2021.5175","pdf_url":"https://ijagri.org/index.php/ijagri/article/download/69/32/140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196371","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture Biology & Environment","issn_l":"2582-6107","issn":["2582-6107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Biology & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324791","display_name":"Addis Ababa University","ror":"https://ror.org/038b8e254"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205140331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205140331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597572090","https://openalex.org/W620132888","https://openalex.org/W921851963","https://openalex.org/W1599325453","https://openalex.org/W2072239871","https://openalex.org/W2148880281","https://openalex.org/W2170925412","https://openalex.org/W2276509207","https://openalex.org/W2442233287","https://openalex.org/W2460807162","https://openalex.org/W2550129114","https://openalex.org/W2611565836","https://openalex.org/W2903278905","https://openalex.org/W4235954112","https://openalex.org/W4404077406","https://openalex.org/W6633154243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391185607","https://openalex.org/W3216092311","https://openalex.org/W4403777652","https://openalex.org/W3208509876","https://openalex.org/W2148880281","https://openalex.org/W4226150343","https://openalex.org/W2758050779","https://openalex.org/W2965946518","https://openalex.org/W3174359555","https://openalex.org/W2612821288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"focus":[1],"of":[2,32,119,131,142,165,182,194,237,243],"this":[3,189],"paper":[4],"is":[5,203,222],"to":[6,26,56,224],"study":[7,41,190],"the":[8,40,57,66,70,76,93,98,170,177,187,192,200,220,226,235,238,241,250],"conservation":[9,157,195],"threats":[10,95,183,227],"on":[11,154,197],"African":[12],"elephants":[13],"in":[14,186],"Babile":[15],"Elephant":[16],"Sanctuary,":[17],"Eastern":[18],"Ethiopia.A":[19],"simple":[20],"random":[21],"sampling":[22],"method":[23],"was":[24,46,72],"used":[25],"gather":[27],"data":[28],"from":[29],"sampled":[30],"households.Total":[31],"138":[33],"households":[34],"were":[35,53,63,92,124,133,150,167,184],"selected":[36],"for":[37,74,207,216],"interview":[38],"nearby":[39,217],"area,":[42],"and":[43,50,85,121,180,210,230,234,245,252],"qualitative":[44],"survey":[45],"collected.Focus":[47],"group":[48],"discussion":[49],"site":[51],"observations":[52],"carried":[54],"out.According":[55],"result":[58,100],"showed,":[59],"all":[60],"respondents":[61,166],"(100%)":[62],"perceived":[64],"that":[65,96,103],"population":[67],"explosion":[68],"around":[69,219],"sanctuary":[71,221],"increasing":[73],"encroaching":[75],"land.Following":[77],"human":[78],"population,":[79],"settlement":[80],"(89.13%),":[81],"human-elephant":[82],"conflict":[83],"(87.7%),":[84],"agricultural":[86],"expansion":[87],"(87%)":[88],"through":[89],"deforestation":[90],"(84.7%)":[91],"major":[94],"faced":[97],"sanctuary.The":[99],"also":[101],"revealed":[102],"livestock":[104],"grazing,":[105],"charcoal":[106],"production,":[107],"poaching,":[108],"less":[109,128,152],"community":[110],"participation,":[111],"ineffective":[112,145],"law":[113],"enforcement,":[114],"illegal":[115],"(uncontrolled)":[116],"fire,":[117],"excavation":[118],"sands,":[120],"fuelwood":[122],"collection":[123],"other":[125,138,161,211],"discerned":[126],"threats.Besides,":[127],"than":[129,139],"(45%)":[130],"them":[132],"believed":[134],"as":[135],"hunting":[136],"(i.e.,":[137],"elephants),":[140],"lack":[141],"management":[143,172,244],"capacity,":[144],"stakeholders":[146,212],"&":[147],"partners":[148],"involvement":[149],"brought":[151],"effect":[153],"present":[155],"elephant":[156,232],"when":[158],"related":[159],"with":[160,169,214],"threats.However,":[162],"only":[163],"22%":[164],"agreed":[168],"existing":[171],"system.This":[173],"might":[174],"showed":[175],"why":[176],"increased":[178],"number":[179],"types":[181],"observed":[185],"sanctuary.Overall,":[188],"disclosed":[191],"existence":[193],"threats.Based":[196],"research":[198],"results,":[199],"following":[201],"inference":[202],"drawn:":[204],"awareness":[205],"creation":[206],"local":[208],"communities":[209,218],"along":[213],"benefit-sharing":[215],"important":[223],"lower":[225],"then":[228],"conserve":[229],"protect":[231],"habitat":[233],"values":[236],"sanctuary.Moreover,":[239],"strengthening":[240],"capacity":[242],"enforcing":[246],"laws":[247],"can":[248],"minimize":[249],"intimidation":[251],"enhance":[253],"opportunities.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-01-25T00:00:00"}