{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200608469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","title":"Counting trees in a subtropical mega city using the instance segmentation method","display_name":"Counting trees in a subtropical mega city using the instance segmentation method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200608469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030324342100369X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030324342100369X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057519471","display_name":"Ying Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-021X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-021X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-021X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651746","display_name":"Ziming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1314-5629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1314-5629","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-2883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101614039","display_name":"Huagui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-7821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-7821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126705","display_name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey & Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crg7060","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huagui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614104","display_name":"Liang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-0844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-0844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126705","display_name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey & Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crg7060","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-0844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037230519","display_name":"Xinchang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-9757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-9757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinchang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030654256","display_name":"Qinchuan Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinchuan Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-4874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030654256","https://openalex.org/A5037230519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"apc_paid":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"fwci":6.8756,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96991693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":null,"first_page":"102662","last_page":"102662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13801","display_name":"Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies","score":0.3052000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13801","display_name":"Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies","score":0.3052000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.25949999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.2206999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-counting","display_name":"tree counting","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-crown-detection","display_name":"tree crown detection","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instance-segmentation","display_name":"instance segmentation","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-modules","display_name":"attention modules","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-high-resolution-imagery","display_name":"very high resolution imagery","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-cover","display_name":"canopy cover","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afforestation","display_name":"afforestation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guangzhou","display_name":"Guangzhou","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6859543323516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6207084655761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56095865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384419","display_name":"Afforestation","level":2,"score":0.5675490498542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.508499026298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.47427043318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4690445065498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4647587537765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.45263752341270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43493422865867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14168384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16305538","display_name":"Subtropics","level":2,"score":0.43455082178115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4276532530784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.42446139454841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.36956411600112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.326321542263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31432777643203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30217868089675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19954082369804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11882555484771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08836126327514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030324342100369X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102662","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030324342100369X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179989","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","issn_l":"0303-2434","issn":["0303-2434","1569-8432","1872-826X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981101543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4067810814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011429","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4877365600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6944090581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7997104071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8046696905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8112789761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8250246825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8348271849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8734422044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011429","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G914050081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0604300)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200608469.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200608469.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1516075103","https://openalex.org/W1549558279","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1910657905","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1984956136","https://openalex.org/W2012842821","https://openalex.org/W2016241235","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2065258204","https://openalex.org/W2098469025","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2116772412","https://openalex.org/W2134491045","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2137133843","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2482693827","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2593498266","https://openalex.org/W2736806122","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2774893126","https://openalex.org/W2775145835","https://openalex.org/W2783707612","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2888421387","https://openalex.org/W2895884120","https://openalex.org/W2896206172","https://openalex.org/W2901009334","https://openalex.org/W2912706692","https://openalex.org/W2936497219","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2980080875","https://openalex.org/W2996445195","https://openalex.org/W3004769717","https://openalex.org/W3005872463","https://openalex.org/W3022930353","https://openalex.org/W3038016698","https://openalex.org/W3044421684","https://openalex.org/W3045918052","https://openalex.org/W3082919689","https://openalex.org/W3092811956","https://openalex.org/W3121754326","https://openalex.org/W3128857877","https://openalex.org/W3137605476","https://openalex.org/W3158580822","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3183498921","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4246405741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417067244","https://openalex.org/W4376503660","https://openalex.org/W4291950012","https://openalex.org/W4225899013","https://openalex.org/W4391684669","https://openalex.org/W2999985976","https://openalex.org/W3192247133","https://openalex.org/W7119735775","https://openalex.org/W3191156225","https://openalex.org/W7134125513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Counting":[0],"the":[1,20,25,58,67,73,88,115,126,137,140,148,152,157,181,188,196,203,211,223,229,233,261,264,270,277,281,285,288,299,305,320,324],"trees":[2,31,71,105,165,257,330],"in":[3,40,72,87,102,185,193,269,298,342],"a":[4,33,99,219,247,252,311,335,346],"given":[5],"area":[6,272],"or":[7],"city":[8,76],"is":[9,98,218,267,296,310,317,327],"meaningful":[10],"when":[11],"making":[12],"decisions":[13],"for":[14],"government":[15],"policies":[16],"and":[17,42,79,128,159,191,236],"administration,":[18],"including":[19],"international":[21],"afforestation":[22],"effort":[23],"(i.e.,":[24],"Trillion":[26],"Trees":[27],"Campaign).":[28],"Determining":[29],"individual":[30,104,164],"on":[32,357],"large":[34,170],"scale":[35],"poses":[36],"significant":[37],"challenges,":[38],"especially":[39],"subtropical":[41,74],"tropical":[43],"areas,":[44],"because":[45],"of":[46,70,77,132,139,156,169,187,195,205,222,255,273,302,323,349],"their":[47],"diverse":[48],"crown":[49,167],"characteristics.":[50],"Using":[51],"very":[52,358],"high-spatial-resolution":[53,359],"images,":[54],"we":[55,65,80],"can":[56,106],"see":[57],"tree":[59,90,95,212,230,253,265,289,294,321,351],"crowns":[60],"clearly.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,343],"study,":[64],"counted":[66],"population":[68],"number":[69,204],"mega":[75],"Guangzhou,":[78,274],"used":[81,114],"an":[82],"end-to-end":[83],"tree-counting":[84],"deep-learning":[85],"framework":[86,101],"regional-scale":[89],"detection":[91],"by":[92,276],"delineating":[93],"each":[94],"crown.":[96],"It":[97,316],"simple":[100],"which":[103,217,309],"be":[107],"detected":[108],"directly":[109],"without":[110,353],"manual":[111,354],"operation.":[112],"We":[113,226],"cascade":[116],"mask":[117],"regions":[118],"with":[119,166,251],"convolutional":[120],"neural":[121],"networks":[122],"(CMask":[123],"R-CNN)":[124],"as":[125],"backbone":[127],"added":[129],"three":[130],"types":[131],"attention":[133],"modules":[134],"to":[135,284],"build":[136],"derivatives":[138],"CMask":[141,149],"R-CNN.":[142],"The":[143,176,240,292,339],"experimental":[144,177,241],"results":[145,242],"showed":[146,243],"that":[147,180,244,319],"R-CNN":[150],"performed":[151],"best":[153],"among":[154],"all":[155],"methods,":[158],"more":[160],"than":[161,171],"112":[162],"million":[163],"sizes":[168],"1":[172],"m2":[173],"were":[174],"detected.":[175],"assessment":[178],"indicated":[179],"accuracy":[182],"was":[183],"88.32%":[184],"terms":[186,194],"R2":[189],"value":[190],"82.56%":[192],"F1-score.":[197],"This":[198],"study":[199,344],"not":[200],"only":[201],"revealed":[202],"trees,":[206],"but":[207],"it":[208],"also":[209,227],"provided":[210],"density":[213,231,254,266,290,295,322],"at":[214,232],"different":[215],"scales,":[216],"prominent":[220],"component":[221],"ecosystem":[224],"structure.":[225],"analyzed":[228],"30":[234],"m":[235,238],"1000":[237],"scales.":[239],"Guangzhou":[245,303],"has":[246],"high":[248],"canopy":[249],"cover":[250],"150":[256],"per":[258,331],"hectare.":[259],"For":[260],"entire":[262],"city,":[263],"highest":[268],"northern":[271],"followed":[275],"central":[278],"part.":[279],"From":[280],"central-western":[282],"part":[283,301],"central-eastern":[286],"part,":[287],"increases.":[291],"lowest":[293],"located":[297],"southern":[300],"near":[304],"Pearl":[306],"River":[307],"estuary,":[308],"basic":[312],"farmland":[313],"conservation":[314],"area.":[315],"notable":[318],"urban":[325],"land":[326],"about":[328],"15":[329],"900":[332],"m2,":[333],"indicating":[334],"good":[336],"living":[337],"environment.":[338],"method":[340],"developed":[341],"provides":[345],"flexible":[347],"means":[348],"large-scale":[350],"counting":[352],"operation":[355],"based":[356],"images.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
