{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200568364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","title":"Digital Twins for Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Literature Review of Potential Modelling Techniques Focused on Model Fidelity and Computational Load","display_name":"Digital Twins for Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Literature Review of Potential Modelling Techniques Focused on Model Fidelity and Computational Load","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200568364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr9122224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/12/2224/pdf?version=1639376710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/12/2224/pdf?version=1639376710","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005590794","display_name":"Jeroen D. M. De Kooning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-4350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-4350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen D. M. De Kooning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-4350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046571860","display_name":"Kurt Stockman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-8032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-8032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Stockman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-8032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110299908","display_name":"Jeroen De Maeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-0765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-0765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen De Maeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-DC, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-DC, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-MP, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030881589","display_name":"Antonio Jarquin Laguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-3373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-3373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Jarquin-Laguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-3373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028029532","display_name":"Lieven Vandevelde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-3493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-3493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieven Vandevelde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-DC, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-3493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park\u2014Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 131, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FlandersMake@UGent\u2013Corelab EEDT-DC, Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005590794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":2.2032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88557923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"2224","last_page":"2224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.8812999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.08460000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-twin","display_name":"digital twin","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy-conversion-system","display_name":"wind energy conversion system","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-turbines","display_name":"wind turbines","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-fidelity","display_name":"model fidelity","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-burden","display_name":"computational load","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-replicas","display_name":"virtual replicas","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine-aerodynamics","display_name":"turbine aerodynamics","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-modeling","display_name":"structural modeling","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-converters","display_name":"power converters","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-system","display_name":"pitch system","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumped-parameter-model","display_name":"lumped parameter model","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-model","display_name":"finite element model","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"model selection","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"condition monitoring","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-maintenance","display_name":"predictive maintenance","score":0.9950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775937380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232589","display_name":"Replica","level":2,"score":0.6345579028129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6261641383171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.5566787123680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5328431725502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4350385367870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4307498633861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4247817397117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4189889430999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776757364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208544","display_name":"Gambit","level":4,"score":0.4186203181743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4140769839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4016438126564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.31745046377182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28390488028526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.238121896982193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.109413743019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.10879623889923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780411076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462653","display_name":"Fluent","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr9122224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/12/2224/pdf?version=1639376710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8729668","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8729668","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8729668/file/8729669.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2227-9717","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a94c6078fcb34372b635dc3f7d14f563","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a94c6078fcb34372b635dc3f7d14f563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Processes, Vol 9, Iss 2224, p 2224 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:cccd0c1d-e234-4f2f-bf75-a2fbbfed7409","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cccd0c1d-e234-4f2f-bf75-a2fbbfed7409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"review"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:cccd0c1d-e234-4f2f-bf75-a2fbbfed7409","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cccd0c1d-e234-4f2f-bf75-a2fbbfed7409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Processes, 9(12)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr9122224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/12/2224/pdf?version=1639376710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200568364.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200568364.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":157,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593758009","https://openalex.org/W1696316708","https://openalex.org/W1992543686","https://openalex.org/W2013548240","https://openalex.org/W2034613124","https://openalex.org/W2038199839","https://openalex.org/W2055660947","https://openalex.org/W2061012256","https://openalex.org/W2076018449","https://openalex.org/W2112576193","https://openalex.org/W2115818457","https://openalex.org/W2123434606","https://openalex.org/W2125097216","https://openalex.org/W2141204013","https://openalex.org/W2144207130","https://openalex.org/W2151221647","https://openalex.org/W2163948292","https://openalex.org/W2217684237","https://openalex.org/W2254520764","https://openalex.org/W2255770484","https://openalex.org/W2290392325","https://openalex.org/W2302365379","https://openalex.org/W2560676316","https://openalex.org/W2596517860","https://openalex.org/W2603742009","https://openalex.org/W2607247913","https://openalex.org/W2754161711","https://openalex.org/W2754603210","https://openalex.org/W2767485403","https://openalex.org/W2774937777","https://openalex.org/W2785458774","https://openalex.org/W2795068044","https://openalex.org/W2803105784","https://openalex.org/W2807836313","https://openalex.org/W2808891950","https://openalex.org/W2809112303","https://openalex.org/W2809882430","https://openalex.org/W2810341276","https://openalex.org/W2883317660","https://openalex.org/W2883526274","https://openalex.org/W2885395706","https://openalex.org/W2888920397","https://openalex.org/W2889460356","https://openalex.org/W2891070354","https://openalex.org/W2891775375","https://openalex.org/W2894664879","https://openalex.org/W2898632002","https://openalex.org/W2899242728","https://openalex.org/W2901223327","https://openalex.org/W2908213455","https://openalex.org/W2909682566","https://openalex.org/W2910596564","https://openalex.org/W2912262044","https://openalex.org/W2921232014","https://openalex.org/W2932360530","https://openalex.org/W2946047003","https://openalex.org/W2946398058","https://openalex.org/W2949084497","https://openalex.org/W2949609042","https://openalex.org/W2952589338","https://openalex.org/W2955558208","https://openalex.org/W2963212792","https://openalex.org/W2964125366","https://openalex.org/W2966324950","https://openalex.org/W2970961465","https://openalex.org/W2972239918","https://openalex.org/W2978991624","https://openalex.org/W2985236267","https://openalex.org/W2989677977","https://openalex.org/W2991393119","https://openalex.org/W2995450453","https://openalex.org/W2996163156","https://openalex.org/W2998055544","https://openalex.org/W2998064960","https://openalex.org/W2999109547","https://openalex.org/W2999908837","https://openalex.org/W3003667836","https://openalex.org/W3004656052","https://openalex.org/W3004891182","https://openalex.org/W3005058934","https://openalex.org/W3007482370","https://openalex.org/W3010144482","https://openalex.org/W3010665235","https://openalex.org/W3014554484","https://openalex.org/W3015290590","https://openalex.org/W3016075522","https://openalex.org/W3020173370","https://openalex.org/W3020308868","https://openalex.org/W3023426396","https://openalex.org/W3025748131","https://openalex.org/W3025996089","https://openalex.org/W3030587537","https://openalex.org/W3033124702","https://openalex.org/W3034203846","https://openalex.org/W3035117182","https://openalex.org/W3035553173","https://openalex.org/W3039310218","https://openalex.org/W3040369123","https://openalex.org/W3042061366","https://openalex.org/W3043679992","https://openalex.org/W3043698353","https://openalex.org/W3046081214","https://openalex.org/W3047236400","https://openalex.org/W3060338922","https://openalex.org/W3081730166","https://openalex.org/W3082149229","https://openalex.org/W3082435965","https://openalex.org/W3083830978","https://openalex.org/W3084030724","https://openalex.org/W3084860176","https://openalex.org/W3085789601","https://openalex.org/W3088127723","https://openalex.org/W3088621143","https://openalex.org/W3088846732","https://openalex.org/W3088857738","https://openalex.org/W3088865543","https://openalex.org/W3092475830","https://openalex.org/W3093315871","https://openalex.org/W3094913563","https://openalex.org/W3104760131","https://openalex.org/W3108341134","https://openalex.org/W3108643162","https://openalex.org/W3111221273","https://openalex.org/W3112130234","https://openalex.org/W3118950270","https://openalex.org/W3119281345","https://openalex.org/W3125578207","https://openalex.org/W3125908574","https://openalex.org/W3126685764","https://openalex.org/W3128098054","https://openalex.org/W3129472311","https://openalex.org/W3129521061","https://openalex.org/W3129578488","https://openalex.org/W3130056116","https://openalex.org/W3130919353","https://openalex.org/W3133660563","https://openalex.org/W3134116407","https://openalex.org/W3134257909","https://openalex.org/W3135022614","https://openalex.org/W3135288042","https://openalex.org/W3135422657","https://openalex.org/W3136958313","https://openalex.org/W3138847857","https://openalex.org/W3140365931","https://openalex.org/W3141477051","https://openalex.org/W3144367631","https://openalex.org/W3147594239","https://openalex.org/W3147789029","https://openalex.org/W3170007016","https://openalex.org/W3174962252","https://openalex.org/W3186445010","https://openalex.org/W3195590230","https://openalex.org/W3199130674","https://openalex.org/W3201327645","https://openalex.org/W3210833197","https://openalex.org/W3211497372","https://openalex.org/W4237005524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410814653","https://openalex.org/W7162639084","https://openalex.org/W7154581326","https://openalex.org/W6996822410","https://openalex.org/W3158576026","https://openalex.org/W4321214551","https://openalex.org/W6903625479","https://openalex.org/W4312596148","https://openalex.org/W7214545461","https://openalex.org/W4411745629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,191],"Industry":[1],"4.0":[2],"concept":[3,192],"of":[4,26,38,67,90,127,152,175,193],"a":[5,39,44,74,122,172,176,183,187,194],"Digital":[6],"Twin":[7],"will":[8],"bring":[9],"many":[10],"advantages":[11],"for":[12,53,97],"wind":[13],"energy":[14],"conversion":[15],"systems,":[16],"e.g.,":[17],"in":[18,71,163],"condition":[19],"monitoring,":[20],"predictive":[21],"maintenance":[22],"and":[23,81,101,113,116,133],"the":[24,36,54,63,68,78,91,104,109,114,153,161,164],"optimisation":[25],"control":[27],"or":[28],"design":[29],"parameters.":[30],"A":[31],"virtual":[32,45,184,197],"replica":[33,185,198],"is":[34,125,179,199],"at":[35],"heart":[37],"digital":[40,69,177],"twin.":[41],"To":[42],"construct":[43],"replica,":[46],"appropriate":[47],"modelling":[48,95],"techniques":[49,96],"must":[50,59],"be":[51,60],"selected":[52],"turbine":[55,98],"components.":[56],"These":[57],"models":[58,128,141],"chosen":[61],"with":[62,129,182,186],"intended":[64],"use":[65],"case":[66],"twin":[70,178],"mind,":[72],"finding":[73],"proper":[75],"balance":[76],"between":[77],"model":[79,131,165],"fidelity":[80,132],"computational":[82,134,189],"load.":[83,190],"This":[84],"review":[85,155],"article":[86],"presents":[87],"an":[88],"overview":[89,124],"recent":[92],"literature":[93,154],"on":[94,169],"aerodynamics,":[99],"structure":[100,174],"drivetrain":[102],"mechanics,":[103],"permanent":[105],"magnet":[106],"synchronous":[107],"generator,":[108],"power":[110],"electronic":[111],"converter":[112],"pitch":[115],"yaw":[117],"systems.":[118],"For":[119],"each":[120],"component,":[121],"balanced":[123],"given":[126],"varying":[130],"load,":[135],"ranging":[136],"from":[137],"simplified":[138],"lumped":[139],"parameter":[140],"to":[142,159],"advanced":[143],"numerical":[144],"Finite":[145],"Element":[146],"Method":[147],"(FEM)-based":[148],"models.":[149],"results":[151],"are":[156],"presented":[157],"graphically":[158],"aid":[160],"reader":[162],"selection":[166],"process.":[167],"Based":[168],"this":[170],"review,":[171],"high-level":[173],"proposed":[180],"together":[181],"minimum":[188],"multi-level":[195],"hierarchical":[196],"presented.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}