{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200540201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","title":"Effects of Heat-Treatment on Tensile Behavior and Dimension Stability of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites","display_name":"Effects of Heat-Treatment on Tensile Behavior and Dimension Stability of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200540201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960855","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8704544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym13244305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4305/pdf?version=1639980116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4305/pdf?version=1639980116","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109521265","display_name":"Amal Nassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-8134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-8134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160419504","display_name":"Higher Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051q8jk17","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amal Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-8134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015046568","display_name":"Mona Ahmed Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-1091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-1091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160419504","display_name":"Higher Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051q8jk17","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-1091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113976999","display_name":"Mohamed Elzareef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154023281","display_name":"British University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/0066fxv63","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154023281"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elzareef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154023281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024377700","display_name":"Eman Nassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-6980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-6980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160419504","display_name":"Higher Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051q8jk17","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Nassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, Next to Small Industries Complex, Industrial Area 2, 10th of Ramadan City 11111, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109521265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160419504"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"fwci":2.7402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90413026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"4305","last_page":"4305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10707","display_name":"Cellular and Composite Structures","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-treatment","display_name":"heat treatment","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensional-stability","display_name":"dimensional stability","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed-composites","display_name":"3D-printed composites","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer","display_name":"carbon fiber reinforced polymer","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polylactic-acid","display_name":"polylactic acid","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene","display_name":"ABS","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity-reduction","display_name":"porosity reduction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density","display_name":"density","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-material-components","display_name":"multi-material components","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandwich-structures","display_name":"sandwich structures","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.886818528175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.8865556716918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.8360399007797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.559808075428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.47534915804862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.44748976826667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781431410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143496","display_name":"Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene","level":2,"score":0.41008153557777405}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym13244305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4305/pdf?version=1639980116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8704544","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8704544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34960855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94dc596d044f487a9c6221c0c74c858e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94dc596d044f487a9c6221c0c74c858e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 4305 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym13244305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244305","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4305/pdf?version=1639980116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200540201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200540201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632316429","https://openalex.org/W1680054435","https://openalex.org/W1710228659","https://openalex.org/W1826414460","https://openalex.org/W1978568424","https://openalex.org/W2047603461","https://openalex.org/W2064515075","https://openalex.org/W2086365524","https://openalex.org/W2129859811","https://openalex.org/W2210332646","https://openalex.org/W2403734971","https://openalex.org/W2535126853","https://openalex.org/W2587363740","https://openalex.org/W2592456873","https://openalex.org/W2601051689","https://openalex.org/W2656553089","https://openalex.org/W2743654563","https://openalex.org/W2764291962","https://openalex.org/W2780172441","https://openalex.org/W2793435880","https://openalex.org/W2797844788","https://openalex.org/W2798109813","https://openalex.org/W2804040861","https://openalex.org/W2889338564","https://openalex.org/W2896186043","https://openalex.org/W2896745816","https://openalex.org/W2905062499","https://openalex.org/W2908055620","https://openalex.org/W2912027467","https://openalex.org/W2942215253","https://openalex.org/W2943112892","https://openalex.org/W2955603920","https://openalex.org/W2972388049","https://openalex.org/W2974019181","https://openalex.org/W2976624632","https://openalex.org/W2981352604","https://openalex.org/W2982036908","https://openalex.org/W3006268411","https://openalex.org/W3007580811","https://openalex.org/W3014955915","https://openalex.org/W3083049025","https://openalex.org/W3090588194","https://openalex.org/W3093656427","https://openalex.org/W3093858978","https://openalex.org/W3096647059","https://openalex.org/W3109991497","https://openalex.org/W3121840665","https://openalex.org/W3123213395","https://openalex.org/W3127601693","https://openalex.org/W3128232219","https://openalex.org/W3174027413","https://openalex.org/W3176465265","https://openalex.org/W3177738648","https://openalex.org/W3198378518","https://openalex.org/W4245039325","https://openalex.org/W6769920057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6998581670","https://openalex.org/W4397006487","https://openalex.org/W3160872082","https://openalex.org/W4308026398","https://openalex.org/W4389988133","https://openalex.org/W4416074911","https://openalex.org/W4306686596","https://openalex.org/W7164941974","https://openalex.org/W7129066161","https://openalex.org/W3199535259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49],"work":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,9,52,71,87,94,102,109,121,132,141,153,157],"effects":[4],"of":[5,12,21,55,61,66,70,90,96,115,137,156,159],"heat":[6,75,84],"treatment":[7,85],"on":[8],"tensile":[10,53,72,88,133,154],"behavior":[11,54,73,155],"3D-printed":[13],"high":[14],"modules":[15],"carbon":[16,34,44],"fiber-reinforced":[17],"composites.":[18],"The":[19,68,80,148],"manufacturing":[20],"samples":[22,91,142],"with":[23,32,42,120],"different":[24,56],"material":[25],"combinations":[26],"using":[27,179],"polylactic":[28],"acid":[29],"(PLA)":[30],"reinforced":[31,41],"9%":[33,43],"fiber":[35,45],"(PLACF),":[36],"acrylonitrile":[37],"butadiene":[38],"styrene":[39],"(ABS)":[40],"(ABSCF)":[46],"were":[47],"made.":[48],"paper":[50],"addresses":[51],"structured":[57],"arrangements":[58],"at":[59,144],"different%":[60],"densities":[62],"between":[63,74],"two":[64],"kinds":[65],"filaments.":[67],"comparison":[69],"treated":[76,143],"and":[77,99,135,164],"untreated":[78],"samples.":[79],"results":[81],"showed":[82],"that":[83],"improves":[86],"properties":[89],"by":[92,100],"enhancing":[93],"bonding":[95],"filament":[97],"layers":[98],"reducing":[101],"porosity":[103],"content.":[104],"At":[105],"all":[106],"structure":[107],"specifications,":[108],"rectilinear":[110],"pattern":[111],"gives":[112],"higher":[113],"strength":[114,134],"up":[116],"to":[117,151,168,175],"33%":[118],"compared":[119],"Archimedean":[122],"chords":[123],"pattern.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"there":[126],"is":[127,162],"a":[128],"limited":[129],"improvement":[130],"in":[131],"modulus":[136],"elasticity":[138],"values":[139],"for":[140],"low":[145],"heat-treatment":[146],"temperature.":[147],"suggested":[149],"methodology":[150],"evaluate":[152],"pairs":[158],"materials":[160],"selected":[161],"innovative":[163],"could":[165],"be":[166],"used":[167],"examine":[169],"sandwich":[170],"designs":[171],"as":[172],"an":[173],"alternative":[174],"producing":[176],"multi-material":[177],"components":[178],"inexpensive":[180],"materials.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}