{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200536813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","title":"Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections in England and Wales: A cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community data","display_name":"Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections in England and Wales: A cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200536813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085003950","display_name":"Vincent Grigori Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-6242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-6242","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Grigori Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK","Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-6242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089239138","display_name":"Alexei Yavlinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-4257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-4257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Yavlinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-4257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025561199","display_name":"Sarah Beale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Beale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053147068","display_name":"Susan Hoskins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-309X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-309X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Hoskins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047344016","display_name":"Vasileios Lampos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-2063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-2063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Lampos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030625179","display_name":"Isobel Braithwaite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-5612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-5612","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-8011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isobel Braithwaite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-5612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046993503","display_name":"Thomas Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-0870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-0870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-0870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073805324","display_name":"Wing Lam Erica Fong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-2228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-2228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing Lam Erica Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-2228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039319862","display_name":"Ellen Fragaszy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-6098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-6098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Fragaszy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-6098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029136379","display_name":"Cyril Geismar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Geismar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043834102","display_name":"Jana Kovar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-2767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0477-2767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Kovar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087970670","display_name":"Annalan M D Navaratnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-5923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-5923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annalan M D Navaratnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-5923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083363461","display_name":"Parth Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-2776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-2776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parth Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-2776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036547953","display_name":"Madhumita Shrotri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-122X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-122X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhumita Shrotri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-122X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113781070","display_name":"Sophie Weber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015267327","display_name":"Andrew C Hayward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-6232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-6232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C Hayward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005157826","display_name":"Robert W Aldridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-0816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-0816","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-6232"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert W Aldridge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-0816","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005157826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bnt162b2","display_name":"BNT162b2","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakthrough-infection","display_name":"breakthrough infection","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-vaccines","display_name":"COVID-19 vaccines","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-effectiveness","display_name":"vaccine effectiveness","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-emulation","display_name":"trial emulation","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-acquired-infections","display_name":"community-acquired infections","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-prioritization","display_name":"vaccine prioritization","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index-of-multiple-deprivation","display_name":"Index of Multiple Deprivation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-vaccination-rollout","display_name":"COVID-19 vaccination rollout","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england-and-wales","display_name":"England and Wales","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooled-hazard-ratio","display_name":"pooled hazard ratio","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-flow-tests","display_name":"lateral flow tests","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.7934398651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7850332260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6016387939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5168524384498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780441014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907952","display_name":"Vaccine efficacy","level":3,"score":0.49631625413894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4440988004207611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.36259642243385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31840237975120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.31495869159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.06873947381973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3269733746","display_name":"Social and Occupational Contact Patterns and Risk of Acute Respiratory Infections","funder_award_id":"2251449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062359643","https://openalex.org/W2298338128","https://openalex.org/W3104989674","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3160138987","https://openalex.org/W3173647988","https://openalex.org/W3195309422","https://openalex.org/W3199573109","https://openalex.org/W3210049956","https://openalex.org/W4200405047","https://openalex.org/W4205321672","https://openalex.org/W4286009623","https://openalex.org/W4292230072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322625166","https://openalex.org/W4286009623","https://openalex.org/W4221116782","https://openalex.org/W3166132123","https://openalex.org/W4296831762","https://openalex.org/W4317436803","https://openalex.org/W3176340533","https://openalex.org/W6902170165","https://openalex.org/W4399882945","https://openalex.org/W4220661611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction":[1],"Infections":[2],"of":[3,39,43,60,69,120,125,135,142,159,187,206,227,251,309,312,325,339,366,369,394,401],"SARS-CoV-2":[4,70,147,194,273,299,352,377],"in":[5,46,71,75,351,354,379],"vaccinated":[6,234],"individuals":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9],"increasing":[10],"globally.":[11],"Understanding":[12],"the":[13,37,44,47,57,118,131,136,160,197,390,399],"associations":[14],"between":[15,94],"vaccine":[16,45,270],"type":[17],"and":[18,52,77,98,102,172,185,233,328,381,408],"a":[19,40,72,225,247,272,307,334,348,384],"post-vaccination":[20,67],"infection":[21,126,129,148,195,300,378],"could":[22],"help":[23],"prevent":[24],"further":[25],"COVID-19":[26,61],"waves.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,332],"use":[32],"trial":[33,111],"emulation":[34,81],"to":[35,276,302,360,373,405,415],"understand":[36],"impact":[38],"phased":[41],"introduction":[42],"UK":[48],"driven":[49],"by":[50,84],"vulnerability":[51,330],"exposure":[53],"status.":[54],"We":[55,282,363],"estimate":[56],"comparative":[58],"effectiveness":[59,368],"vaccines":[62,375],"(ChAdOx1":[63],"versus":[64],"BNT162b2)":[65],"against":[66,376],"infections":[68,305,353],"community":[73],"setting":[74],"England":[76,380],"Wales.":[78],"Method":[79],"Trial":[80],"was":[82,92,112,162,201],"conducted":[83],"pooling":[85],"results":[86],"from":[87,140],"six":[88,221],"cohorts":[89],"whose":[90],"recruitment":[91],"staggered":[93],"1st":[95],"January":[96],"2021":[97,101],"31st":[99],"March":[100],"followed":[103],"until":[104,146,202],"12th":[105,260],"November":[106,209,259],"2021.":[107],"Eligibility":[108],"for":[109,169,174,298,304,316],"each":[110,170],"based":[113],"upon":[114],"age":[115,175,317],"(18+":[116],"at":[117,176,318],"time":[119,250,385],"vaccination),":[121],"without":[122,193],"prior":[123],"signs":[124],"or":[127,144,153,204,241],"an":[128],"within":[130],"first":[132,137],"14":[133,158],"days":[134,253,311],"dose.":[138],"Time":[139],"vaccination":[141],"ChAdOx1":[143,237,267,288,358,374,419],"BNT162b2":[145,242,303,371],"(positive":[149],"polymerase":[150],"chain":[151],"reaction":[152],"lateral":[154],"flow":[155],"test":[156],"after":[157],"vaccination)":[161],"modelled":[163],"using":[164,216],"Cox":[165],"proportional":[166],"hazards":[167],"model":[168],"cohort":[171],"adjusted":[173,315,336],"vaccination,":[177,319],"gender,":[178],"minority":[179,321],"ethnic":[180,322],"status,":[181,323,331],"clinically":[182],"vulnerable":[183],"status":[184],"index":[186,324],"multiple":[188,326],"deprivation":[189],"quintile.":[190],"For":[191],"those":[192,416],"during":[196,306,383],"study":[198,207],"period,":[199],"follow-up":[200,249],"loss-of-follow-up":[203],"end":[205],"(12th":[208],"2021).":[210],"Pooled":[211],"hazard":[212,337],"ratios":[213],"were":[214,224,231],"generated":[215],"random-effects":[217],"meta-analysis.":[218],"Results":[219],"Across":[220],"cohorts,":[222],"there":[223],"total":[226],"21,283":[228],"participants":[229],"who":[230,265,279,286,356,417],"eligible":[232],"with":[235,246],"either":[236],"(n":[238,243],"=":[239,244],"13,813)":[240],"7,470)":[245],"median":[248],"266":[252],"(IQR:":[254],"235":[255],"-":[256,345],"282).":[257],"By":[258],"2021,":[261],"750":[262],"(5.4%)":[263],"adults":[264],"had":[266,280,290],"as":[268,420],"their":[269,421],"experienced":[271],"infection,":[274],"compared":[275,301,359,372],"296":[277],"(4.0%)":[278],"BNT162b2.":[281,361],"found":[283,333,364],"that":[284,410],"people":[285,294,355],"received":[287,357,418],"vaccinations":[289],"10.54":[291],"per":[292],"1000":[293],"higher":[295],"cumulative":[296],"incidence":[297],"maximum":[308],"315":[310],"follow-up.":[313],"When":[314],"sex,":[320],"deprivation,":[327],"clinical":[329],"pooled":[335],"ratio":[338],"1.35":[340],"[HR:":[341],"1.35,":[342],"95%CI:":[343],"1.15":[344],"1.58],":[346],"demonstrating":[347],"35%":[349],"increase":[350],"Discussion":[362],"evidence":[365],"greater":[367],"receiving":[370],"Wales":[382],"period":[386],"when":[387],"Delta":[388],"became":[389],"most":[391],"prevalent":[392],"variant":[393],"concern.":[395],"Our":[396],"findings":[397],"demonstrate":[398],"importance":[400],"booster":[402],"(third)":[403],"doses":[404],"maintain":[406],"protection":[407],"suggest":[409],"these":[411],"should":[412],"be":[413],"prioritised":[414],"primary":[422],"course.":[423]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}