{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200529917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","title":"Identification and Modelling of Chlorine Decay Mechanisms in Reclaimed Water Containing Ammonia","display_name":"Identification and Modelling of Chlorine Decay Mechanisms in Reclaimed Water Containing Ammonia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200529917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132413548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13548/pdf?version=1639392170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13548/pdf?version=1639392170","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047912721","display_name":"Joana B. Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-897X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-897X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-897X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012842820","display_name":"E. Mesquita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsa Mesquita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086384065","display_name":"Filipa Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-295X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-295X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipa Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-295X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021921743","display_name":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-366X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-366X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-366X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008665906","display_name":"R.M. C. Viegas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui M. C. Viegas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008665906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":0.387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45842899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"24","first_page":"13548","last_page":"13548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-decay","display_name":"chlorine decay","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recycled-water","display_name":"reclaimed water","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia","display_name":"ammonia","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-chlorine-species","display_name":"reactive chlorine species","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-matter","display_name":"organic matter","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfectant-residual","display_name":"disinfectant residual","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decay-kinetics","display_name":"decay kinetics","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-chlorine","display_name":"free chlorine","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-distribution-networks","display_name":"water distribution systems","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.8782176971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779488458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9189940","display_name":"Chloramine","level":3,"score":0.8413090705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.7476431131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6783766746520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6263201236724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.606063187122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73984","display_name":"Disinfectant","level":2,"score":0.5689198970794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5547378063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777493420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267830","display_name":"Reclaimed water","level":3,"score":0.5416207313537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.5069358944892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776910235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18574","display_name":"Reactivity (psychology)","level":3,"score":0.4270699918270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.30149519443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.2512662410736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08270525932312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.07940778136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132413548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13548/pdf?version=1639392170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13548-:d:697117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13548/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be8bb23500e54118affe2456ae416a4a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be8bb23500e54118affe2456ae416a4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 13548, p 13548 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lnec.pt:123456789/1014334","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051320","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Cientifico do LNEC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su132413548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413548","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13548/pdf?version=1639392170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5458995942","display_name":"Accelerating Water Smartness in Coastal Europe","funder_award_id":"869171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7436511816","display_name":"MODELLING A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT INTO A WATER, ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS FACTORY.","funder_award_id":"PD/BD/135218/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200529917.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200529917.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152143055","https://openalex.org/W1989079106","https://openalex.org/W2006595986","https://openalex.org/W2045062427","https://openalex.org/W2086982712","https://openalex.org/W2094520588","https://openalex.org/W2891935649","https://openalex.org/W4229592219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223161881","https://openalex.org/W2891935649","https://openalex.org/W2075110150","https://openalex.org/W4388908164","https://openalex.org/W2341840794","https://openalex.org/W4225507636","https://openalex.org/W2094520588","https://openalex.org/W2503513580","https://openalex.org/W6927274213","https://openalex.org/W2966460373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Keeping":[0],"an":[1,43],"effective":[2],"disinfectant":[3],"residual":[4],"concentration":[5],"in":[6,27,53,145],"reclaimed":[7,111,146],"water":[8,147],"is":[9,132],"still":[10],"a":[11],"challenge,":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,134,139],"its":[15],"high":[16],"levels":[17],"of":[18,35,39,56,100,119],"ammonia":[19],"and":[20,65,78,96,124,141],"organic":[21,57,80,101],"matter":[22,81,102],"when":[23],"compared":[24],"with":[25,42,76,109,113],"those":[26],"drinking":[28],"water.":[29],"This":[30],"research":[31],"proposes":[32],"the":[33,36,54,87],"integration":[34],"reaction":[37],"schemes":[38],"monochloramine":[40,73],"auto-decomposition":[41],"empirical":[44],"kinetic":[45],"mechanism":[46],"accounting":[47],"for":[48,59],"reactive":[49,82],"chlorine":[50,117,143],"species":[51],"decay":[52,144],"presence":[55],"matter,":[58],"which":[60],"three":[61],"mechanisms":[62],"were":[63],"hypothesized":[64],"tested.":[66],"A":[67],"parallel":[68],"second":[69],"order":[70],"mechanism,":[71],"where":[72],"reacts":[74],"both":[75],"fast":[77],"slow":[79],"fractions,":[83],"was":[84,105],"identified":[85],"as":[86,103],"most":[88],"suitable.":[89],"The":[90,129],"model,":[91],"comprising":[92],"two":[93,97,114],"rate":[94],"constants":[95],"fictive":[98],"concentrations":[99],"parameters,":[104],"further":[106],"successfully":[107],"calibrated":[108],"real":[110],"waters":[112],"initial":[115],"free":[116],"doses":[118],"8.01\u00d710\u22125":[120],"M":[121,126],"(\u22485":[122],"mg/L)":[123],"2.67\u00d710\u22124":[125],"(\u224820":[127],"mg/L).":[128],"proposed":[130],"model":[131],"believed":[133],"support":[135],"future":[136],"studies":[137],"aiming":[138],"predict":[140],"manage":[142],"distribution":[148],"systems.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T09:42:04.148104","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}