{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200528772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","title":"Technical note: The effect of image annotation with minimal manual interaction for semiautomatic prostate segmentation in CT images using fully convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Technical note: The effect of image annotation with minimal manual interaction for semiautomatic prostate segmentation in CT images using fully convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200528772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34902166","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10014149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/mp.15404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10014149/pdf/nihms-1872625.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056465640","display_name":"Maysam Shahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-2010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-2010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maysam Shahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078548953","display_name":"James D. Dormer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-6697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-6697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James D. Dormer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060526657","display_name":"Martin T. Halicek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-8625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-8625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Halicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083707303","display_name":"Baowei Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-9484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-9484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baowei Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083707303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319","https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54689354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"1153","last_page":"1160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-segmentation","display_name":"prostate segmentation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-images","display_name":"CT images","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-annotation","display_name":"image annotation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiautomatic-segmentation","display_name":"semi-automatic segmentation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-net","display_name":"U-Net","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fully-convolutional-network","display_name":"fully convolutional network","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-image-segmentation","display_name":"3D image segmentation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-segmentation","display_name":"manual segmentation","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interobserver-variability","display_name":"interobserver variability","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice-similarity-coefficient","display_name":"Dice coefficient","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8432947993278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8010626435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7785919308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.729042112827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6064438223838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.5970518589019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5821959972381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5576401948928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5023331642150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4737461507320404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.45451685786247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4132162928581238}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011467","descriptor_name":"Prostate","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066289","descriptor_name":"Data Curation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/mp.15404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34902166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34902166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10014149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10014149","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10014149/pdf/nihms-1872625.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Med Phys","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10014149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10014149","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10014149/pdf/nihms-1872625.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Med Phys","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1086587290","display_name":"Image-guided Intravascular Robotic System for Mitral Valve Repair and Implants","funder_award_id":"R01HL140325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3692936707","display_name":"MOLECULAR IMAGING DIRECTED, 3D ULTRASOUND-GUIDED, BIOPSY SYSTEM","funder_award_id":"R01CA156775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4226007231","display_name":"STAN-CT: Standardization and Normalization of CT images for Lung Cancer Patients","funder_award_id":"R21CA231911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4945154444","display_name":"ACADEMIC-INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP FOR TRANSLATION OF PET/TRUS GUIDED INTERVENTION","funder_award_id":"R01CA204254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341426523","display_name":"Smart Surgical Microscope Powered by AI Technology and Hyperspectral Imaging","funder_award_id":"RP190588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308129","funder_display_name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308129","display_name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/0003xa228"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200528772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200528772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W274818618","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2018079976","https://openalex.org/W2308001489","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2432481613","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2617669016","https://openalex.org/W2796329607","https://openalex.org/W2943739392","https://openalex.org/W3011743383","https://openalex.org/W3041671377","https://openalex.org/W3048907747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943739392","https://openalex.org/W3011304653","https://openalex.org/W2922212472","https://openalex.org/W2936772074","https://openalex.org/W3133376096","https://openalex.org/W2914806156","https://openalex.org/W2988053426","https://openalex.org/W4317865919","https://openalex.org/W3044048348","https://openalex.org/W2593118890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,73],"goal":[2],"is":[3],"to":[4,65,96,106],"study":[5],"the":[6,50,53,67,71,100,116,138,141,145],"performance":[7,143],"improvement":[8],"of":[9,62,131],"a":[10,25,60,128],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"algorithm":[13],"in":[14,43,150],"three-dimensional":[15],"(3D)":[16],"image":[17],"segmentation":[18,42,51,117],"through":[19],"incorporating":[20],"minimal":[21],"user":[22],"interaction":[23],"into":[24],"fully":[26,97],"convolutional":[27],"neural":[28],"network":[29,68,74],"(CNN).":[30],"METHODS:":[31],"A":[32],"U-Net":[33],"CNN":[34,142],"was":[35,75],"trained":[36,76],"and":[37,77],"tested":[38,78],"for":[39,69],"3D":[40],"prostate":[41],"computed":[44],"tomography":[45],"(CT)":[46],"images.":[47],"To":[48],"improve":[49],"accuracy,":[52],"CNN's":[54],"input":[55,139],"images":[56,82],"were":[57,92,113,124],"annotated":[58,81],"with":[59,80,115],"set":[61],"border":[63,122,133],"landmarks":[64,123,134],"supervise":[66],"segmenting":[70],"prostate.":[72],"again":[79],"after":[83],"5,":[84],"10,":[85],"15,":[86],"20,":[87],"or":[88],"30":[89],"landmark":[90,111],"points":[91,112],"used.":[93,125],"RESULTS:":[94],"Compared":[95],"automatic":[98],"segmentation,":[99],"Dice":[101],"similarity":[102],"coefficient":[103],"increased":[104],"up":[105],"9%":[107],"when":[108],"5-30":[109],"sparse":[110,132],"involved,":[114],"accuracy":[118],"improving":[119],"as":[120],"more":[121],"CONCLUSIONS:":[126],"When":[127],"limited":[129],"number":[130],"are":[135],"used":[136],"on":[137],"image,":[140],"approaches":[144],"interexpert":[146],"observer":[147],"difference":[148],"observed":[149],"manual":[151],"segmentation.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}