{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200520409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","title":"AVAILABILITY AND ADEQUACY OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) FACILITIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA","display_name":"AVAILABILITY AND ADEQUACY OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) FACILITIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200520409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","pdf_url":"https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=jessd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225845","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2655-6847","issn":["2655-6847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315272","host_organization_name":"University of Indonesia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Indonesia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4200520409"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=jessd","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008613579","display_name":"Rotimi Williams Olatunji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-6128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-6128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126541806","display_name":"Lagos State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01za8fg18","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olatunji, Rotimi Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos","School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062619723","display_name":"Noeem Taiwo Thanny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126541806","display_name":"Lagos State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01za8fg18","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiwo, Noeem Thanny","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos","School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6148,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61654828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.7875999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12831","display_name":"School Health and Nursing Education","score":0.19020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wash","display_name":"water, sanitation and hygiene","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-sanitation-facilities","display_name":"school sanitation facilities","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-washing-practices","display_name":"hand washing practices","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protection-motivation-theory","display_name":"protection motivation theory","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-schools","display_name":"secondary schools","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-toilets","display_name":"school toilets","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagos-state","display_name":"Lagos State","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.7875299453735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.655768632888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299260","display_name":"Local government area","level":3,"score":0.5942866206169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.5870625376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97156103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072861","display_name":"Open defecation","level":3,"score":0.5715162754058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857","display_name":"Toilet","level":2,"score":0.5684698224067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.533856213092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.514356255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5119074583053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.49014195799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45334482192993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38056108355522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3594816327095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3561148941516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1717383861541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.15008246898651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1417675018310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","pdf_url":"https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=jessd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225845","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2655-6847","issn":["2655-6847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315272","host_organization_name":"University of Indonesia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Indonesia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v4i2.1079","pdf_url":"https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=jessd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225845","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2655-6847","issn":["2655-6847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315272","host_organization_name":"University of Indonesia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Indonesia"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03p8jwd38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200520409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200520409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989715372","https://openalex.org/W2008545807","https://openalex.org/W2032689703","https://openalex.org/W2033310056","https://openalex.org/W2038231269","https://openalex.org/W2044718860","https://openalex.org/W2050541054","https://openalex.org/W2066290904","https://openalex.org/W2083867501","https://openalex.org/W2099334745","https://openalex.org/W2122051037","https://openalex.org/W2141290211","https://openalex.org/W2414156148","https://openalex.org/W2440181962","https://openalex.org/W2490504474","https://openalex.org/W2784871397","https://openalex.org/W2958097289","https://openalex.org/W3040739095","https://openalex.org/W3153217145","https://openalex.org/W3161800457","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4297663632","https://openalex.org/W4301388869","https://openalex.org/W4376541364","https://openalex.org/W6991627882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108099061","https://openalex.org/W4388532933","https://openalex.org/W2802508974","https://openalex.org/W4386441036","https://openalex.org/W4285351786","https://openalex.org/W1867170326","https://openalex.org/W2987282307","https://openalex.org/W7220410626","https://openalex.org/W7216854968","https://openalex.org/W2100485981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hand-washing":[0],"practice,":[1],"which":[2],"is":[3,21,28],"globally":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6],"the":[7,16,32,46,93,98,125,136,164,191,196,226,239,242],"simplest,":[8],"most":[9,197],"affordable":[10],"and":[11,34,39,50,113,152,175,213,258],"effective":[12],"way":[13],"of":[14,18,36,48,52,92,124,155,190,200,228,230,244,256],"curtailing":[15],"spread":[17],"infectious":[19],"diseases,":[20],"still":[22],"low":[23],"in":[24,55,58,97,233,236,263],"developing":[25],"countries.":[26],"This":[27,43],"largely":[29],"influenced":[30],"by":[31,132,208],"dearth":[33],"adequacy":[35,51],"Water,":[37],"Sanitation":[38],"Hygiene":[40],"(WASH)":[41],"facilities.":[42,158],"paper":[44],"investigated":[45],"level":[47,227],"availability":[49],"WASH":[53,262],"facilities":[54,259],"secondary":[56,234],"schools":[57,128,235],"a":[59,204,209],"developing,":[60],"sub-Sharan":[61],"country,":[62],"particularly":[63],"Lagos":[64,133,237,266],"State,":[65,126,238,267],"Nigeria.":[66,268],"Protection":[67],"Motivation":[68],"Theory":[69],"(PMT)":[70],"guided":[71],"this":[72],"research.":[73],"In":[74],"all,":[75],"620":[76],"pupils":[77],"were":[78,88,118,161,180,221],"selected":[79,89,119],"through":[80,163],"multi-stage":[81],"sampling":[82,103],"methods.":[83],"Two":[84],"local":[85,122],"government":[86,123],"areas":[87],"from":[90,120],"each":[91,121],"three":[94],"senatorial":[95],"zones":[96],"study":[99],"area.":[100],"Through":[101],"purposive":[102],"method,":[104],"Junior":[105],"Secondary":[106,115],"3":[107,109,116],"(JS":[108],"or":[110],"Basic":[111],"9),":[112],"Senior":[114],"(SS3)":[117],"comprising":[127],"that":[129,188,195],"are":[130,138],"owned":[131],"State":[134],"Government":[135],"others":[137],"privately":[139],"owned.":[140],"Research":[141],"instruments":[142],"adopted":[143],"included":[144],"questionnaire,":[145],"focus":[146,172],"group":[147,173],"discussion":[148],"guide,":[149],"document":[150],"observation":[151,154],"unobtrusive":[153],"hand":[156,246],"hygiene":[157],"Quantitative":[159],"data":[160,174],"analyzed":[162,181],"Statistical":[165],"Package":[166],"for":[167,217],"Social":[168],"Sciences":[169],"(SPSS),":[170],"while":[171],"related":[176],"online":[177],"media":[178],"materials":[179],"based":[182],"on":[183,222],"research":[184],"themes.":[185],"Findings":[186],"showed":[187],"majority":[189,240],"respondents":[192,220],"(87.4%)":[193],"admitted":[194],"common":[198],"type":[199],"toilet":[201],"facility":[202],"was":[203],"water":[205,232],"closet,":[206],"followed":[207],"pit":[210],"latrine":[211],"(13.7%)":[212],"open":[214],"space":[215],"(1.6%)":[216],"defecation.":[218],"Although":[219],"average":[223],"satisfied":[224],"with":[225],"provision":[229,243],"running":[231],"considered":[241],"wash":[245],"basin":[247],"to":[248,261],"be":[249],"very":[250],"inadequate.":[251],"Researchers":[252],"therefore":[253],"recommend":[254],"improvement":[255],"structures":[257],"relating":[260],"schoolls":[264],"throughout":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
