{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200480532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","title":"Are Social and Ethnic Reading Inequalities Increasing During School Closures?\u2014The Mediating Role of Parental Involvement in Distance Learning","display_name":"Are Social and Ethnic Reading Inequalities Increasing During School Closures?\u2014The Mediating Role of Parental Involvement in Distance Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200480532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012866967","display_name":"Christoph Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-7909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-7909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094210","display_name":"University of Education Upper Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/00jsec129","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094210"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria","Research Institute for Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088550712","display_name":"Christoph Helm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-4500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-4500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Helm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Educational Research, Linz School of Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Educational Research, Linz School of Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060460124","display_name":"David Kemethofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-5863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-5863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094210","display_name":"University of Education Upper Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/00jsec129","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094210"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kemethofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012866967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995","https://openalex.org/I4210094210"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"fwci":3.4784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92641381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11676","display_name":"Parental Involvement in Education","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-closures","display_name":"school closures","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-lockdown","display_name":"COVID-19 lockdown","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-disparities","display_name":"ethnic disparities","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-involvement","display_name":"parental involvement","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"distance education","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-progress-assessment","display_name":"student progress assessment","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.6539485454559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6451367139816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6408445835113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6355772614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5811319947242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5304146409034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.42457833886146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2326917052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2115844190120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1710798144340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.11010748147964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ee39ce2971547a5ae17554064ce6623","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ee39ce2971547a5ae17554064ce6623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education, Vol 6 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.737064/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200480532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200480532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5181136","https://openalex.org/W1532920751","https://openalex.org/W1610612296","https://openalex.org/W1627191216","https://openalex.org/W1640894779","https://openalex.org/W1688178308","https://openalex.org/W1728204398","https://openalex.org/W1966359789","https://openalex.org/W1967441381","https://openalex.org/W1980494955","https://openalex.org/W1981244178","https://openalex.org/W1982583334","https://openalex.org/W2030806541","https://openalex.org/W2031045832","https://openalex.org/W2046371270","https://openalex.org/W2048169966","https://openalex.org/W2050604798","https://openalex.org/W2065690577","https://openalex.org/W2067709396","https://openalex.org/W2078965693","https://openalex.org/W2081048580","https://openalex.org/W2081859560","https://openalex.org/W2088053152","https://openalex.org/W2094354496","https://openalex.org/W2096741943","https://openalex.org/W2097771659","https://openalex.org/W2098490242","https://openalex.org/W2107719883","https://openalex.org/W2112906154","https://openalex.org/W2139340376","https://openalex.org/W2158672897","https://openalex.org/W2163594521","https://openalex.org/W2163917486","https://openalex.org/W2165813931","https://openalex.org/W2167560838","https://openalex.org/W2171092697","https://openalex.org/W2171357886","https://openalex.org/W2254735081","https://openalex.org/W2289407757","https://openalex.org/W2330757961","https://openalex.org/W2401864010","https://openalex.org/W2606859482","https://openalex.org/W2620692863","https://openalex.org/W2746035292","https://openalex.org/W2782222237","https://openalex.org/W2788597350","https://openalex.org/W2792585039","https://openalex.org/W2800491903","https://openalex.org/W2886683942","https://openalex.org/W2893396925","https://openalex.org/W2897011569","https://openalex.org/W2960410575","https://openalex.org/W2969649924","https://openalex.org/W2980332746","https://openalex.org/W2991611634","https://openalex.org/W2997735329","https://openalex.org/W3005886336","https://openalex.org/W3033034418","https://openalex.org/W3036516493","https://openalex.org/W3053624249","https://openalex.org/W3087637542","https://openalex.org/W3088302478","https://openalex.org/W3094314315","https://openalex.org/W3095763908","https://openalex.org/W3097159547","https://openalex.org/W3106617860","https://openalex.org/W3121525905","https://openalex.org/W3122907740","https://openalex.org/W3128798761","https://openalex.org/W3134110717","https://openalex.org/W3143968054","https://openalex.org/W3155212535","https://openalex.org/W3156695372","https://openalex.org/W3172046965","https://openalex.org/W3177469154","https://openalex.org/W3186949619","https://openalex.org/W3213769479","https://openalex.org/W4211244954","https://openalex.org/W4225792954","https://openalex.org/W4247099347","https://openalex.org/W4281651616","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W4323526642","https://openalex.org/W6627555769","https://openalex.org/W6785005859","https://openalex.org/W7010283599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6950507263","https://openalex.org/W6945975680","https://openalex.org/W6904531278","https://openalex.org/W4307515225","https://openalex.org/W3138870524","https://openalex.org/W3095763908","https://openalex.org/W3203584862","https://openalex.org/W3194777074","https://openalex.org/W7047770743","https://openalex.org/W4307101489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"spring":[1,100],"2020":[2,101],"many":[3],"countries":[4],"throughout":[5],"Europe":[6],"and":[7,38,41,83,102,147,180],"beyond":[8],"temporarily":[9],"closed":[10],"schools":[11],"to":[12,32,200],"tackle":[13],"the":[14,17,76,87,130,143,159,212,227,241],"spread":[15],"of":[16,90,132,145,166,218],"coronavirus.":[18],"First":[19],"studies":[20],"indicate":[21],"that":[22,176,192,229],"these":[23],"school":[24,57,92,97],"closures":[25,98],"resulted":[26],"in":[27,35,61,86,99,111,125],"lower":[28],"learning":[29,33,63,133],"gains":[30,34],"compared":[31],"preceding":[36],"years":[37],"widened":[39,94],"social":[40,82,146],"ethnic":[42,84,148],"disparities":[43,85,105,194,201],"by":[44,108],"affecting":[45],"disadvantaged":[46],"students":[47,93],"more":[48,52],"strongly":[49],"than":[50,197],"their":[51],"advantaged":[53],"peers.":[54],"Moreover,":[55],"during":[56,95,154,162,211,240],"closures,":[58],"parental":[59,109,230],"involvement":[60,110,231],"distance":[62,112],"is":[64],"regarded":[65],"as":[66],"crucial":[67],"for":[68,72,170,226,233],"successful":[69],"learning,":[70],"especially":[71],"younger":[73],"children.":[74],"In":[75,204],"current":[77],"study,":[78],"we":[79,140,174,206],"examine":[80],"whether":[81,103],"reading":[88,152,172,189,238],"achievement":[89,153,239],"primary":[91],"COVID-related":[96],"increased":[104],"are":[106],"mediated":[107],"learning.":[113],"We":[114],"use":[115,131,183],"data":[116],"from":[117],"409":[118],"Austrian":[119],"2nd":[120],"graders,":[121],"whose":[122],"teachers":[123],"participated":[124],"an":[126],"ongoing":[127],"study":[128],"on":[129,151,237],"progress":[134],"assessment.":[135],"Adopting":[136],"a":[137,155,163,216],"within-subject":[138],"design,":[139],"first":[141],"compare":[142],"effects":[144,161,210,236],"family":[149,234],"background":[150,235],"pre-lockdown":[156,171,213],"period":[157,165],"with":[158],"respective":[160],"lockdown":[164,242],"similar":[167],"length.":[168],"Controlling":[169],"differences,":[173],"found":[175,207],"low":[177],"socioeconomic":[178],"status":[179],"non-German":[181],"language":[182],"at":[184,202],"home":[185],"negatively":[186],"predicted":[187],"post-lockdown":[188,193],"achievement,":[190],"indicating":[191],"were":[195],"larger":[196],"expected":[198],"due":[199],"pre-lockdown.":[203],"contrast,":[205],"no":[208],"such":[209],"period.":[214,243],"Second,":[215],"series":[217],"mediation":[219],"models":[220],"did":[221],"not":[222],"provide":[223],"any":[224],"support":[225],"hypothesis":[228],"accounted":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
