{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200475003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","title":"Chlorine Release from Co-Pyrolysis of Corn Straw and Lignite in Nitrogen and Oxidative Pyrolysis","display_name":"Chlorine Release from Co-Pyrolysis of Corn Straw and Lignite in Nitrogen and Oxidative Pyrolysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200475003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14248227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8227/pdf?version=1638942364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8227/pdf?version=1638942364","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101900767","display_name":"Jian Bing Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-3740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-3740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117048","display_name":"Harbin Electric Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0394wsn58","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117048"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Power Division, Harbin Electric Company Limited, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Power Division, Harbin Electric Company Limited, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Min Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-5114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-5114"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hadian Power Equipment National Engineering Research Center Company, Harbin 150028, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-5114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hadian Power Equipment National Engineering Research Center Company, Harbin 150028, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682845","display_name":"Li Juan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-3549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-3549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106387","display_name":"Anhui Special Equipment Inspection Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqeer97","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Special Equipment Inspection Institute, Hefei 230051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Special Equipment Inspection Institute, Hefei 230051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047669011","display_name":"Xiaohan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047669011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I44445938"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.3444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46249078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"24","first_page":"8227","last_page":"8227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12218","display_name":"Coal and Its By-products","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12358","display_name":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-chloride-emissions","display_name":"hydrogen chloride emissions","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-pyrolysis","display_name":"co-pyrolysis","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corn-stover","display_name":"corn stover","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignite-coal","display_name":"lignite coal","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-co-firing","display_name":"biomass co-firing","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-atmosphere","display_name":"nitrogen atmosphere","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-pyrolysis","display_name":"oxidative pyrolysis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-chloride","display_name":"potassium chloride","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flue-gas","display_name":"flue gas","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-temperature","display_name":"pyrolysis temperature","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-plant-combustion","display_name":"power plant combustion","score":0.4869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.8742715120315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6586222648620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167206829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2556360","display_name":"Flue gas","level":2,"score":0.6395012736320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.608916163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.5275606513023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779587293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622360","display_name":"Straw","level":2,"score":0.5251816511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.500312089920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211086","display_name":"Hydrogen chloride","level":2,"score":0.4875275790691376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.48116788268089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4329165816307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.43184858560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.38254886865615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3262265920639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.32009610533714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.24111297726631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.09803363680839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14248227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8227/pdf?version=1638942364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8227-:d:696948","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8227/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92f0d34c10894494ab9106b53be13faa","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92f0d34c10894494ab9106b53be13faa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 14, Iss 24, p 8227 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14248227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8227/pdf?version=1638942364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.5171999931335449,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7378875146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019BEE010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200475003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200475003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207830854","https://openalex.org/W1966857236","https://openalex.org/W1970143525","https://openalex.org/W1988995609","https://openalex.org/W2000615064","https://openalex.org/W2001566375","https://openalex.org/W2003925958","https://openalex.org/W2007094561","https://openalex.org/W2008510900","https://openalex.org/W2011272960","https://openalex.org/W2014263203","https://openalex.org/W2020692999","https://openalex.org/W2022942101","https://openalex.org/W2023657987","https://openalex.org/W2025754756","https://openalex.org/W2025754883","https://openalex.org/W2030293974","https://openalex.org/W2034625271","https://openalex.org/W2038532540","https://openalex.org/W2040218041","https://openalex.org/W2040885940","https://openalex.org/W2044992743","https://openalex.org/W2045413542","https://openalex.org/W2050057737","https://openalex.org/W2057396845","https://openalex.org/W2057465886","https://openalex.org/W2063434097","https://openalex.org/W2064184084","https://openalex.org/W2068667779","https://openalex.org/W2069059903","https://openalex.org/W2072556183","https://openalex.org/W2077236266","https://openalex.org/W2079907977","https://openalex.org/W2080146921","https://openalex.org/W2083155211","https://openalex.org/W2083632030","https://openalex.org/W2083876905","https://openalex.org/W2088130298","https://openalex.org/W2093928640","https://openalex.org/W2094640188","https://openalex.org/W2101062865","https://openalex.org/W2111403930","https://openalex.org/W2136888045","https://openalex.org/W2156686125","https://openalex.org/W2313275148","https://openalex.org/W2518722883","https://openalex.org/W2531565554","https://openalex.org/W2601571190","https://openalex.org/W2767856786","https://openalex.org/W2769782212","https://openalex.org/W2806470724","https://openalex.org/W2897666638","https://openalex.org/W3083860016","https://openalex.org/W3102047098","https://openalex.org/W3107035536","https://openalex.org/W3131661580","https://openalex.org/W3198652778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743286198","https://openalex.org/W2352820086","https://openalex.org/W2767175770","https://openalex.org/W3207364034","https://openalex.org/W2286584880","https://openalex.org/W3102047098","https://openalex.org/W2083632030","https://openalex.org/W2749186925","https://openalex.org/W4380742818","https://openalex.org/W2088602489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elevated":[0],"emissions":[1],"of":[2,9,53,68,93,125],"hydrogen":[3],"chloride":[4,28],"(HCl)":[5],"from":[6,101,105],"the":[7,123],"combustion":[8,71],"biomass":[10,114],"in":[11,35,60,86],"utility":[12],"boilers":[13],"are":[14],"a":[15,40,61,143],"major":[16],"issue":[17],"because":[18],"they":[19],"can":[20],"cause":[21],"corrosion":[22],"problems":[23],"and":[24,51,57,90,128],"deposit":[25],"molten":[26],"alkali":[27],"salts":[29],"on":[30,122],"boilers\u2019":[31],"water":[32],"tubes,":[33],"resulting":[34],"further":[36],"corrosion.":[37],"Pyrolysis":[38],"is":[39],"good":[41],"pre-treatment":[42],"for":[43],"solving":[44],"this":[45],"problem.":[46],"This":[47],"work":[48],"conducted":[49],"pyrolysis":[50,141],"co-pyrolysis":[52,96,115],"pulverized":[54],"corn":[55,106],"straw":[56,107],"lignite":[58],"coal":[59],"horizontal":[62],"muffle":[63],"furnace,":[64],"with":[65,116,140],"compositions":[66],"typical":[67],"power":[69],"plant":[70],"effluents":[72],"(5%":[73],"O2,":[74],"15%":[75],"CO2,":[76],"80%":[77],"N2)":[78],"at":[79,131],"different":[80],"temperatures.":[81],"Cl":[82,99,103,127],"compounds":[83],"were":[84],"monitored":[85],"fuel,":[87],"flue":[88],"gas,":[89],"solid":[91],"production":[92],"pyrolysis.":[94],"The":[95],"significantly":[97],"affected":[98],"release":[100,104,124],"fuel.":[102],"into":[108],"fuel":[109],"gas":[110],"was":[111],"reduced":[112],"during":[113],"lignite.":[117],"Co-pyrolysis":[118],"had":[119],"little":[120],"influence":[121],"organic":[126],"KCl.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"moderate-temperature":[132],"pyrolysis,":[133],"O2":[134],"promoted":[135],"HCl":[136],"release,":[137],"when":[138],"compared":[139],"under":[142],"N2":[144],"atmosphere.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
