{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200469645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","title":"The Role of Technical Standards in Improving Digital Accessibility in Under-Resourced Regions and Communities","display_name":"The Role of Technical Standards in Improving Digital Accessibility in Under-Resourced Regions and Communities","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200469645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Accessible Technology and the Developing World","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200562965","display_name":"Accessible Technology and the Developing World"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055751908","display_name":"Judy Brewer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5768-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5768-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087207","display_name":"World Wide Web Consortium","ror":"https://ror.org/0059y1582","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judy Brewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067634297","display_name":"Shadi Abou-Zahra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087207","display_name":"World Wide Web Consortium","ror":"https://ror.org/0059y1582","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadi Abou-Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) European Research Consortium on Informatics and Mathematics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) European Research Consortium on Informatics and Mathematics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79715302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"128","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-accessibility","display_name":"digital accessibility","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-standards","display_name":"technical standards","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-with-disabilities","display_name":"people with disabilities","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/under-resourced-communities","display_name":"under-resourced communities","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-standards","display_name":"accessibility standards","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessible-technology","display_name":"accessible technology","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-participation","display_name":"barriers to participation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-digital-divide","display_name":"global digital divide","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.6276271939277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.6187952756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.597694993019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42505908012390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3629864454269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31420570611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16824296116828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11869141459465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09033575654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.07398518919944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Accessible Technology and the Developing World","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"},{"score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033186392","https://openalex.org/W2888889175","https://openalex.org/W7162502737","https://openalex.org/W7166814065","https://openalex.org/W4415445044","https://openalex.org/W6904020443","https://openalex.org/W7128702634","https://openalex.org/W4200614389","https://openalex.org/W4386256617","https://openalex.org/W4200345521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"People":[1],"with":[2,31],"disabilities":[3,32],"in":[4,8,15,33,51,73,93],"under-resourced":[5,69,94],"communities,":[6,18],"including":[7],"low-income":[9],"and":[10,14,45,78,81,87,96],"lower":[11],"middle-income":[12],"countries":[13],"many":[16],"Indigenous":[17],"have":[19,29],"not":[20],"yet":[21],"benefited":[22],"as":[23,28],"much":[24],"from":[25,68],"digital":[26,53,90],"accessibility":[27,76,91],"people":[30,67],"higher-income":[34],"regions.":[35],"This":[36],"chapter":[37],"addresses":[38],"factors":[39],"that":[40,61,83],"contribute":[41],"to":[42,58,71],"these":[43],"disparities":[44],"describes":[46,56],"the":[47],"role":[48],"of":[49,75,89],"standards":[50,77,92],"promoting":[52],"accessibility.":[54],"It":[55],"barriers":[57],"participation,":[59],"approaches":[60],"can":[62,84],"help":[63],"improve":[64],"opportunities":[65],"for":[66],"communities":[70],"engage":[72],"development":[74],"accessible":[79],"technologies,":[80],"steps":[82],"increase":[85],"promotion":[86],"uptake":[88],"regions":[95],"communities.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}